Elminowska-Wenda Gabriela
Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Mazowiecka 28, Poland.
Folia Biol (Krakow). 2007;55(3-4):147-52. doi: 10.3409/173491607781492560.
Intensive selection conducted within closed populations has led to the creation of specialized chicken strains that differ significantly in meat yield and reproduction performance. The effect of the selection conducted on the birds is differentiation identified not only on the molecular but also on the cellular level, among other things in the skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to compare the structure of chosen homological skeletal muscles from Leghorn chickens (LSL), originating from parent flock, intensively selected for reproductive traits and from conservative flock (G99), unselected for many generations. The structure of musculus pectoralis superficialis and musculus biceps femoris (the thickness of the muscle fibres and the share of the fibre types in the bundle) in 8 and 20 week old chickens was compared. A significant impact of the origin on all examined slaughter parameters was recorded. Body weight before slaughter, carcass weight and the weight of breast and leg muscles in 8 weeks old LSL chicken made up from 60% to about 85% of the respective values in the G99 Leghorn. Lack of red fibres in the breast muscles of all the individuals from the parental flock (LSL) was noted, whereas in 12 individuals (among 24) from the conservative flock (G99), red fibres were observed in this muscle from 2.75% up to 7.09%. White fibres in 8 week old chicks were always thicker, both in pectoralis superficialis and biceps femoris muscle in birds with higher body weight as well as higher weight of breast and legs muscles, i.e. in chicks from conservative flock (G99), P<0.01. However, in 20 week old birds, the diameters of the white fibres were similar in both groups. Also the diameters of the red fibres in musculus biceps femoris in 8 week old chickens were higher in cockerels and pullets from conservative flock (G99).
在封闭群体中进行的高强度选择导致了专门化鸡种的产生，这些鸡种在产肉量和繁殖性能上有显著差异。对鸡进行的选择所产生的影响不仅在分子水平上，而且在细胞水平上都能识别出差异，尤其是在骨骼肌中。本研究的目的是比较来自亲代鸡群、经过高强度繁殖性状选择的来航鸡（LSL）和未经多代选择的保守鸡群（G99）中选定的同源骨骼肌的结构。比较了8周龄和20周龄鸡的胸浅肌和股二头肌的结构（肌纤维厚度和纤维类型在肌束中的比例）。记录了来源对所有检查的屠宰参数的显著影响。8周龄LSL鸡的屠宰前体重、胴体重以及胸肌和腿肌重量分别占G99来航鸡相应值的60%至约85%。注意到亲代鸡群（LSL）所有个体的胸肌中缺乏红色纤维，而在保守鸡群（G99）的24只个体中有12只，该肌肉中观察到红色纤维占2.75%至7.09%。8周龄雏鸡中，体重较高以及胸肌和腿肌重量较高的鸡，即来自保守鸡群（G99）的雏鸡，其胸浅肌和股二头肌中的白色纤维总是更粗，P<0.01。然而，在20周龄的鸡中，两组白色纤维的直径相似。8周龄鸡的股二头肌中，保守鸡群（G99）的公鸡和母鸡的红色纤维直径也更大。
