Renaud Fabrice G, Bellamy Pat H, Brown Colin D
Cranfield University, School of Applied Sciences, Natural Resources Department, Integrated Environmental Systems Institute, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2008 May 1;394(1):112-23. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.038. Epub 2008 Feb 13.
Risk assessment for pesticides in the aquatic environment relies on a comparison between estimated exposure concentrations in surface water bodies and endpoints from a series of effect tests. Many field- and catchment-scale models have been developed, ranging from simple empirical models to comprehensive, physically-based, distributed models that require complex parameterisation, often through inverse modelling methods. Routine use of catchment models for assessment and management of pesticides requires a tool that is comprehensive in being able to address all major routes of entry of pesticides into surface water and that has reasonable parameter requirements. Current models either focus primarily on transport of pesticides in surface runoff or are restricted in application because they require calibration against data from detailed monitoring programmes. SPIDER (Simulating Pesticides In Ditches to assess Ecological Risk) was developed to address the gap in models available to simulate pesticide exposure within networks of small surface water bodies (ditches and streams) in support of ecological risk assessment for pesticides. SPIDER is a locally distributed, capacitance-based model that accounts for pesticide entry into surface water bodies via spray drift, surface runoff, interlayer flow and drainflow and that can be used for small agricultural catchments. This paper provides a detailed description of the model.
水生环境中农药的风险评估依赖于地表水体中估计的暴露浓度与一系列效应试验终点之间的比较。已经开发了许多田间和集水区尺度的模型，从简单的经验模型到需要复杂参数化（通常通过反演建模方法）的综合物理分布式模型。将集水区模型常规用于农药评估和管理需要一种能够全面解决农药进入地表水的所有主要途径且参数要求合理的工具。当前的模型要么主要关注农药在地表径流中的传输，要么因需要根据详细监测计划的数据进行校准而应用受限。SPIDER（模拟沟渠中农药以评估生态风险）的开发是为了填补现有模型在模拟小型地表水体（沟渠和溪流）网络中农药暴露方面的空白，以支持农药的生态风险评估。SPIDER是一个基于电容的局部分布模型，它考虑了农药通过喷雾漂移、地表径流、层间流和排水流入地表水体的情况，可用于小型农业集水区。本文对该模型进行了详细描述。
