Separation of bioconjugated quantum dots using capillary electrophoresis.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was used to separate different bioconjugated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The QD nanocrystals studied were conjugated to the biomolecules streptavidin, biotin, and immunoglobulin G. The bioconjugated QDs showed different electrophoretic mobilities, which appear to depend upon the biomolecule that is attached to the QD and the buffer solution used. The use of a polymeric additive into the CE run buffer improved the resolution of the bioconjugates. Under CE conditions, the interaction between QD bioconjugates containing streptavidin (QDSt) and biotin (QDBi) was monitored. Under a given set of experimental conditions, the fluorescence intensity of QDSt and QDBi emitting light at 655 nm indicated that about 90% of QDBi complexed with 70% of QDSt. A two-color experiment that made use of two different sizes of QD (i.e., 585 and 655 nm) indicated that 30% of the 655 nm QDBi complexed with 53% of the 585 nm QDSt. The use of QDs with different emission properties allows the selective monitoring of two different wavelengths while using one single excitation source. This, in turn, allowed the monitoring of overlapping peaks in the electropherogram when newly formed products resulting from the interaction of the two bioconjugated QDs appeared.