Islam M Kamrul, Gerdtham Ulf-G, Gullberg Bo, Lindström Martin, Merlo Juan
Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
Econ Hum Biol. 2008 Mar;6(1):19-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2007.09.004. Epub 2007 Oct 22.
We conceptualize social capital as an aggregate factor affecting health production and analyze the effect of community social capital (CSC) externalities on individual mortality risk in Sweden. The study was based on a random sample from the adult Swedish population of approximately 95,000 individuals who were followed up for 4-21 years. Two municipality-level variable--registered election participation rate and registered crime rate--were used to be a proxy for CSC. The impact of CSC on mortality was estimated with an extended Cox model, controlling for the initial health status and a number of individual characteristics. The results indicate that both proxies of CSC were associated with individual risk from all-cause mortality for males older than 65+ (p=0.013 and p=0.008) but not for females. A higher election participation rate negatively and significantly associated with the mortality risk from cancer for males (p=0.007), and may also have exerted protective associations for cardiovascular mortality (p=0.134) and deaths due to "suicide" (p=0.186) or "other external causes" (p=0.055). Similar associations were observed for the crime rate variable. The findings were robust to alternative specifications examined in the sensitivity analysis.
我们将社会资本概念化为影响健康产出的一个综合因素，并分析了社区社会资本（CSC）外部性对瑞典个体死亡风险的影响。该研究基于从约95,000名成年瑞典人口中随机抽取的样本，对其进行了4至21年的随访。两个市级变量——登记的选举参与率和登记的犯罪率——被用作CSC的代理变量。通过扩展的Cox模型估计CSC对死亡率的影响，同时控制初始健康状况和一些个体特征。结果表明，CSC的两个代理变量均与65岁及以上男性的全因死亡个体风险相关（p = 0.013和p = 0.008），但与女性无关。较高的选举参与率与男性癌症死亡风险呈负相关且具有显著意义（p = 0.007），并且可能对心血管疾病死亡率（p = （此处原文有误，应是0.134））以及“自杀”（p = 0.186）或“其他外部原因”导致的死亡（p = 0.055）也有保护作用。在犯罪率变量上也观察到了类似的关联。在敏感性分析中，研究结果对替代设定具有稳健性。
