Ferreira Raquel Conceição, de Magalhães Cláudia Silami, Moreira Allyson Nogueira
School of Dentistry, State University of Montes Claros, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Gerodontology. 2008 Sep;25(3):168-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2008.00214.x. Epub 2008 Feb 17.
This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and extent of tooth loss as well as denture wear and associated factors in institutionalised elderly in Brazil.
There is scarcity of research in Brazil concerning geriatric oral health issues.
A sample of 335 individuals over 60 years of age, representative of the institutionalised elderly from Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were selected through a stratified sampling strategy. Data were collected from structured questionnaires, reviews of medical records and intra-oral examinations.
Edentulousness was observed in 74.9% of the elderly and was related to age, years of study, income, length of institutionalisation, systemic diseases and mini-mental score. Among the dentate subjects, 17.9% possessed 20 or more teeth. Approximately half the edentulous elderly (42.6%) and most of the partially dentate subjects (66.7%) did not wear dentures. The multivariate analysis showed that subjects that wear dentures were more likely to be female, possess higher incomes, be more functionally independent and married. Furthermore, the odds of wearing dentures among the elderly who had lost 13-32 teeth were 9.11 times higher than those who had lost up to 12 teeth.
Tooth loss is highly prevalent in this institutionalised Brazilian population, and the prevalence of denture wear is low. The extent of tooth loss, income, functional status and marital status are important predictors for denture wear. The development of an oral health programme for these individuals should assist in their rehabilitation needs and promote in-home care or safe transport for the elderly to a health care location.
本横断面研究评估了巴西机构养老老年人的牙齿缺失患病率及程度、义齿佩戴情况及其相关因素。
巴西针对老年人口腔健康问题的研究较少。
通过分层抽样策略，选取了335名60岁以上的个体作为样本，他们代表了巴西贝洛奥里藏特机构养老的老年人。数据通过结构化问卷、病历回顾和口腔内检查收集。
74.9%的老年人存在牙齿缺失，这与年龄、受教育年限、收入、机构养老时长、全身性疾病和简易精神状态评分有关。在有牙的受试者中，17.9%拥有20颗或更多牙齿。约一半的无牙老年人（42.6%）和大部分部分缺牙的受试者（66.7%）未佩戴义齿。多变量分析显示，佩戴义齿的受试者更可能为女性、收入较高、功能独立性更强且已婚。此外，牙齿缺失13 - 32颗的老年人佩戴义齿的几率比牙齿缺失不超过12颗的老年人高9.11倍。
在这个巴西机构养老人群中，牙齿缺失非常普遍，义齿佩戴率较低。牙齿缺失程度、收入、功能状态和婚姻状况是义齿佩戴的重要预测因素。为这些个体制定口腔健康计划应有助于满足他们的康复需求，并促进为老年人提供居家护理或安全送往医疗机构的交通服务。
