Milbrath Lindsey R, Deloach C Jack, Tracy James L
USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 E. Blackland Rd., Temple, TX 76502, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2007 Dec;36(6):1356-64. doi: 10.1603/0046-225x(2007)36[1356:ospvar]2.0.co;2.
The classical biological control program for exotic saltcedars (various Tamarix species and hybrids) has involved the assessment of different populations of the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Brullé) s.l. that are promising for release in areas of North America that are located south of 37 degrees N latitude. We report here the overwintering survival, phenology, and voltinism of four D. elongata populations (Tunisia, Crete, Uzbekistan, and Turpan) in eastcentral Texas. In addition, we studied their developmental and reproductive biology, which also included the previously released population from Fukang, China. Overwintering survival of the adult beetles of the Crete and Tunisia populations was 90-99 and 75%, respectively. The Uzbekistan and Turpan beetles had <31% overwintering survival. All D. elongata populations began ovipositing in late March. The Turpan beetle may produce three summer generations and ceased oviposition by September. The Crete beetle produced four summer generations plus a partial fifth generation and ceased ovipositing by mid-October. Both the Tunisia and Uzbekistan beetles produced five summer generations plus an unsuccessful partial sixth generation; oviposition extended into late November. Larval development and survival were generally similar among D. elongata populations. The Turpan and Fukang beetles had a shorter preoviposition period and produced more but smaller egg masses than the other beetle populations. However, this did not alter a female's lifetime fecundity and generally did not affect the innate capacity for increase compared with other populations. The Crete beetle seems to be the most promising for release in central Texas and points further south.
针对外来柽柳（多种柽柳属物种及杂交种）的经典生物防治计划，涉及对叶甲Diorhabda elongata (Brullé) s.l.不同种群的评估，这些种群有望被释放到北纬37度以南的北美地区。我们在此报告得克萨斯州中东部四个D. elongata种群（突尼斯、克里特岛、乌兹别克斯坦和吐鲁番）的越冬存活率、物候学和化性。此外，我们研究了它们的发育和生殖生物学，其中还包括先前从中国阜康释放的种群。克里特岛和突尼斯种群的成年甲虫越冬存活率分别为90 - 99%和75%。乌兹别克斯坦和吐鲁番的甲虫越冬存活率低于31%。所有D. elongata种群均于3月下旬开始产卵。吐鲁番的甲虫可能产生三代夏季世代，并在九月停止产卵。克里特岛的甲虫产生四代夏季世代加部分第五代，并在10月中旬停止产卵。突尼斯和乌兹别克斯坦的甲虫均产生五代夏季世代加不成功的部分第六代；产卵一直持续到11月下旬。D. elongata种群之间幼虫的发育和存活率总体相似。吐鲁番和阜康的甲虫产卵前期较短，产卵块数量较多但较小。然而，这并未改变雌虫的终生繁殖力，与其他种群相比，一般也不影响其内在增长能力。克里特岛的甲虫似乎是在得克萨斯州中部及更南部地区释放的最有前景的种群。
