Gibb W R
University Department of Neurology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
Eur Neurol. 1991;31 Suppl 1:48-59. doi: 10.1159/000116721.
Neuronal subpopulations of the substantia nigra pars compacta can be separated into two functionally distinct nigrostriatal projections, the ventral tier which is poorly melanised, and the dorsal tier which is well melanised. In Parkinson's disease, juvenile-onset parkinsonism with dystonia and striatonigral degeneration the ventral tier is more vulnerable than the dorsal tier. The ventral tier mostly projects to the putamen, which is vulnerable in striatonigral degeneration and Huntington's disease. In Huntington's disease spiny neurons of the striatal matrix and neurons of the pars reticulata are particularly susceptible. Determining patterns of selective neuronal death may lead to identification of pathogenetic mechanisms.
黑质致密部的神经元亚群可分为两个功能不同的黑质纹状体投射，即黑色素化程度低的腹侧层和黑色素化程度高的背侧层。在帕金森病、伴有肌张力障碍的青少年型帕金森综合征和纹状体黑质变性中，腹侧层比背侧层更易受损。腹侧层主要投射到壳核，壳核在纹状体黑质变性和亨廷顿病中易受损。在亨廷顿病中，纹状体基质的棘状神经元和网状部的神经元特别易受影响。确定选择性神经元死亡模式可能有助于识别发病机制。
