Potretzke Aaron M, Monga Manoj
Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Curr Opin Urol. 2008 Mar;18(2):199-204. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e3282f46b11.
Urolithiasis is a common urological problem, often requiring efficient workup, accurate diagnosis, and treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the imaging modalities employed for the diagnosis of calculi and the caveats of different clinical situations.
Noncontrast computed tomography has become the most universally used imaging tool for diagnosing urolithiasis, although ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging maintain specific roles. Noncontrast computed tomography may provide prognostic information regarding the success of specific management strategies for urolithiasis. Additionally, noncontrast computed tomography is being tested in lower-radiation dose protocols with promising results.
Considering the well supported accuracy and relative ease of use of noncontrast computed tomography, it has become a logical choice for the urologist to use the technique as a diagnostic tool for stone disease. The future of imaging for intervention and surveillance of stone disease lies in the continued progress of noncontrast computed tomography in terms of patient safety. This will need to be done by developing low-dose radiation computed tomography that can replicate the efficacy of current noncontrast computed tomography.
尿石症是一种常见的泌尿系统疾病，通常需要进行有效的检查、准确的诊断和治疗。本综述的目的是总结用于结石诊断的影像学检查方法以及不同临床情况的注意事项。
尽管超声和磁共振成像仍有特定作用，但非增强计算机断层扫描已成为诊断尿石症最普遍使用的影像学工具。非增强计算机断层扫描可为尿石症特定治疗策略的成功提供预后信息。此外，正在对低辐射剂量方案的非增强计算机断层扫描进行测试，结果很有前景。
鉴于非增强计算机断层扫描有充分依据的准确性和相对易用性，泌尿科医生将该技术用作结石病的诊断工具已成为合理选择。结石病干预和监测影像学的未来在于非增强计算机断层扫描在患者安全方面的持续进展。这需要通过开发能够复制当前非增强计算机断层扫描功效的低剂量辐射计算机断层扫描来实现。
