Tarkowski Andrzej K, Maleszewski Marek, Rogulska Teresa, Ciemerych Maria A, Borsuk Ewa
Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Dev Biol. 2008;52(2-3):121-34. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.072376at.
In this article, we describe the history (between the XIX century and World War II) of embryological research conducted at Warsaw University, together with current research activities being carried out at the Department of Embryology. During the partition of Poland, the Imperial (Russian) Warsaw University conducted research on avian embryology (and to a smaller extent, on reptilian embryology). When Poland regained independence in 1918, these studies were continued under the Chair of Comparative Anatomy headed by Professor Jan Tur. A new Department of Embryology created in 1954 was first headed by Professor Stanislaw Bilewicz and since 1964 by Professor Andrzej Tarkowski, who in 2003 was succeeded by Dr. Marek Maleszewski D.Sc. During the last 45 years, embryological research at Warsaw University has concentrated mainly on mammalian development with special emphasis on the regulative capabilities of early embryos and also on experimental chimaeras, nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in oogenesis and early embryogenesis (including regulation of DNA replication and transcription), experimental parthenogenesis and fertilization.
在本文中，我们描述了华沙大学进行胚胎学研究的历史（从19世纪到第二次世界大战），以及胚胎学系目前正在开展的研究活动。在波兰被瓜分期间，沙皇（俄罗斯）统治下的华沙大学开展了鸟类胚胎学研究（在较小程度上也进行了爬行动物胚胎学研究）。1918年波兰重新独立后，这些研究在扬·图尔教授领导的比较解剖学教研室继续进行。1954年成立的新胚胎学系最初由斯坦尼斯瓦夫·比莱维茨教授领导，自1964年起由安杰伊·塔尔科夫斯基教授领导，2003年马雷克·马莱谢夫斯基博士接替了塔尔科夫斯基教授。在过去的45年里，华沙大学的胚胎学研究主要集中在哺乳动物发育方面，特别侧重于早期胚胎的调节能力，以及实验嵌合体、卵子发生和早期胚胎发生中的核质相互作用（包括DNA复制和转录的调节）、实验性孤雌生殖和受精。
