Krahl Dieter, Altenburg Andreas, Zouboulis Christos C
Institute of Dermatohistology, Heidelberg, Germany.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008 Mar;6(3):217-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06625.x.
The oral cavity contains many organs and tissues compressed in a small area. Accordingly oral tumors have a wide variety of appearances. Reactive hyper-plastic lesions include epulis,morsicatio,traumatic ulcer or palatal hyperplasia. These benign lesions must be separated clinically and histologically from precancerous and neoplastic lesions. In leukoplakia,the individual risk can be estimated by clinical signs. Nevertheless histopathology is mandatory because precancerous lesions usually precede or accompany most oral cancers. Amalgam tattoo,oral nevi and melanoacanthoma have to be considered as differential diagnoses of oral melanoma. Accurate clinico-pathological diagnosis is mandatory to insure appropriate therapy. Oral soft tissue tumors such as Kaposi sarcoma and multiple mucosal neuromas in MEN 2b require interdisciplinary management. Diseases affecting the minor salivary glands which may be encountered by dermatologists include mucocele, necrotizing sialometa-plasia,and tumors such as pleomorphic adenoma.
口腔包含许多紧密分布在小区域内的器官和组织。因此，口腔肿瘤有各种各样的表现。反应性增生性病变包括龈瘤、咬颊症、创伤性溃疡或腭部增生。这些良性病变必须在临床和组织学上与癌前病变和肿瘤性病变区分开来。在白斑病中，个体风险可通过临床体征进行评估。然而，组织病理学检查是必不可少的，因为癌前病变通常先于或伴随大多数口腔癌出现。汞合金纹身、口腔痣和黑素棘皮瘤必须被视为口腔黑色素瘤的鉴别诊断。准确的临床病理诊断对于确保适当的治疗至关重要。口腔软组织肿瘤，如卡波西肉瘤和2b型多发性内分泌肿瘤综合征中的多发性黏膜神经瘤，需要多学科管理。皮肤科医生可能会遇到的影响小唾液腺的疾病包括黏液囊肿、坏死性涎腺化生以及诸如多形性腺瘤等肿瘤。
