Damage and mutagenesis of bacteriophage lambda induced by high pH.

Bacteriophage lambda-Escherichia coli complexes exhibited remarkable sensitivity to alkaline pH 10.0 at 37 degrees C. The decline in plaque forming units after alkali treatment was more pronounced in complexes with some of the radiation repair defective mutants of E. coli K-12, i.e. uvrArecA, recA, rer and lexA mutants as compared to those of uvrA, recB and wild-type strains. The red gene of lambda phage and recA gene of E. coli seem to have a complementary effect on the alkali induced lesions. Alkaline treatment to lysogenic lambda phage was also found to be mutagenic. An enhanced level of mutagenesis was observed when treated phage particles were allowed to adsorb on treated wild-type bacteria. Moreover, the alkali treatment to lysogen (lambda cI857-E. coli) resulted in prophage induction in nutrient broth even at 32 degrees C. Thus on the basis of these results the role of error prone SOS repair systems in the repair of alkali induced lesions in lysogenic bacteriophage lambda has been suggested.