Rao Ravella Sreenivas, Kumar C Ganesh, Prakasham R Shetty, Hobbs Phil J
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, North Wyke Research Station, Okehampton, UK.
Biotechnol J. 2008 Apr;3(4):510-23. doi: 10.1002/biot.200700201.
Success in experiments and/or technology mainly depends on a properly designed process or product. The traditional method of process optimization involves the study of one variable at a time, which requires a number of combinations of experiments that are time, cost and labor intensive. The Taguchi method of design of experiments is a simple statistical tool involving a system of tabulated designs (arrays) that allows a maximum number of main effects to be estimated in an unbiased (orthogonal) fashion with a minimum number of experimental runs. It has been applied to predict the significant contribution of the design variable(s) and the optimum combination of each variable by conducting experiments on a real-time basis. The modeling that is performed essentially relates signal-to-noise ratio to the control variables in a 'main effect only' approach. This approach enables both multiple response and dynamic problems to be studied by handling noise factors. Taguchi principles and concepts have made extensive contributions to industry by bringing focused awareness to robustness, noise and quality. This methodology has been widely applied in many industrial sectors; however, its application in biological sciences has been limited. In the present review, the application and comparison of the Taguchi methodology has been emphasized with specific case studies in the field of biotechnology, particularly in diverse areas like fermentation, food processing, molecular biology, wastewater treatment and bioremediation.
实验和/或技术的成功主要取决于精心设计的过程或产品。传统的过程优化方法是一次研究一个变量，这需要大量的实验组合，既耗时、成本高又 labor intensive。田口实验设计方法是一种简单的统计工具，它涉及一个列表设计（阵列）系统，该系统允许以最少的实验次数，以无偏（正交）方式估计最大数量的主效应。它已被应用于通过实时进行实验来预测设计变量的显著贡献以及每个变量的最佳组合。所进行的建模本质上是以“仅主效应”的方法将信噪比与控制变量相关联。这种方法通过处理噪声因素，能够研究多个响应和动态问题。田口原理和概念通过使人们对稳健性、噪声和质量有重点的认识，为工业做出了广泛贡献。这种方法已在许多工业领域广泛应用；然而，其在生物科学中的应用却很有限。在本综述中，通过生物技术领域的具体案例研究，特别是在发酵、食品加工、分子生物学、废水处理和生物修复等不同领域，强调了田口方法的应用和比较。
