Biddle Chuck
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
AANA J. 2008 Feb;76(1):61-8.
Take a moment and consider our planet without oxygen. Imagine the earth some 2.5 billion years ago when oxygen first appeared as a waste product of early anaerobes. Oxygen, as we know it today, is essential for life. Abundant and relatively inexpensive to manufacture, oxygen has widespread use in industry and healthcare. Anesthesia providers routinely administer oxygen in concentrations exceeding that in ambient air to ensure clinical safety and to offset the predictable sequelae associated with patient, drug-related, and procedural factors. Understanding the history of this unique element is critical in evaluating the often contentious body of contemporary research that has illuminated its efficacy (as elixir) and its attendant complications (its "two-faced" nature). Of particular interest is its role in free radical formation as etiogenic in developing complications. Oxygen is a mainstay in the perioperative management of patients, but its administration should be guided by thoughtful and rational goal-directed outcomes to maximize efficacy and minimize complications associated with its use.
花点时间想象一下没有氧气的地球。设想大约25亿年前，氧气首次作为早期厌氧菌的废物出现时的地球。我们如今所知的氧气对生命至关重要。氧气储量丰富且生产成本相对低廉，在工业和医疗保健领域有着广泛应用。麻醉医生通常会给予浓度超过周围空气的氧气，以确保临床安全，并抵消与患者、药物相关及手术因素相关的可预见后果。了解这种独特元素的历史对于评估当代那些阐明其功效（如灵丹妙药）及其伴随并发症（其“两面性”）的常常颇具争议的研究至关重要。特别值得关注的是其在自由基形成中作为引发并发症病因的作用。氧气是患者围手术期管理的支柱，但氧气的使用应以深思熟虑且合理的目标导向性结果为指导，以最大限度地提高疗效并减少与其使用相关的并发症。
