Olivieri F, Semproli S, Pettener D, Toselli S
Dipartimento Biologia Evoluzionistica Sper., Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008 Jun;136(2):214-22. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.20797.
The rural environment is an important factor in delayed growth in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of poor rural living conditions on the growth of a Shona sample in Zimbabwe. In total, 982 subjects aged 6-17 years were analyzed. Mean values of height, weight, skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, biceps, medial calf), cormic index, body mass index (BMI), arm composition (total upper arm area, upper arm muscle area, arm fat area, and arm fat index), fat percentage (%F), centripetal fat ratio (CFR), and the contribution of each skinfold to the adiposity of the trunk and upper limbs are presented. Weight, height, BMI, cormic index, SSCP, TRCP, arm circumference, and arm composition are compared with NHANES percentiles. Boys and girls showed stunting and underweight at ages 11-15 and 8-15, respectively; boys presented particularly severe malnutrition and their means of height and weight were below the 10th percentile. The means of arm circumference, UMA, UFA, and TRCP were below the 15th percentile in both sexes. The contribution of the skinfolds generally showed an overall prevalence of TRCP in both sexes; the contribution of SSCP was prevalent only for the 16- to 17-year-old boys. Males presented a higher CFR than girls after 14 years while females showed an irregular pattern. There was a high incidence of brachycormia and mesocormia in females and males, respectively. Height, weight, and BMI were similar to the values observed in other sub-Saharan countries, although body size was slightly larger than in South Africa and smaller than in Tanzania. The results provide a useful database for future comparisons.
农村环境是发展中国家生长发育迟缓的一个重要因素。本研究的目的是调查津巴布韦农村恶劣生活条件对绍纳族样本生长发育的影响。总共对982名6至17岁的受试者进行了分析。给出了身高、体重、皮褶厚度（肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂上、肱二头肌、小腿内侧）、躯干指数、体重指数（BMI）、手臂组成（上臂总面积、上臂肌肉面积、手臂脂肪面积和手臂脂肪指数）、脂肪百分比（%F）、向心性脂肪比率（CFR）以及每个皮褶对躯干和上肢肥胖的贡献的平均值。将体重、身高、BMI、躯干指数、肩胛下皮褶厚度、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围和手臂组成与美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）百分位数进行比较。男孩和女孩分别在11至15岁和8至15岁时出现发育迟缓与体重不足；男孩营养不良尤为严重，其身高和体重平均值低于第10百分位数。男女的上臂围、上臂肌肉面积、上臂脂肪面积和肱三头肌皮褶厚度平均值均低于第15百分位数。皮褶厚度的贡献总体上显示男女肱三头肌皮褶厚度普遍较高；肩胛下皮褶厚度的贡献仅在16至17岁男孩中普遍。14岁后男性的CFR高于女性，而女性则呈现不规则模式。女性和男性分别有较高的短躯干和中躯干发生率。身高、体重和BMI与其他撒哈拉以南国家观察到的值相似，尽管体型略大于南非且小于坦桑尼亚。这些结果为未来的比较提供了一个有用的数据库。
