Yeung Nai Chi Jonathan, von Hippel Courtney
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):667-74. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.003. Epub 2007 Oct 2.
Stereotype threat, or the belief that one may be the target of demeaning stereotypes, leads to performance disruptions in a variety of domains. Two experiments conducted in a driving simulator demonstrate that stereotype threat also disrupts control of an automobile. Women who were reminded of the stereotype that females are poor drivers were more than twice as likely to collide with jaywalking pedestrians than women who were not reminded of this stereotype. Experiment 2 also revealed that the magnitude of this effect was equivalent to that produced by a secondary task, suggesting that stereotype threat might diminish driving performance via a disruptive mental load.
刻板印象威胁，即认为自己可能成为贬低性刻板印象的目标，会导致在各种领域的表现受到干扰。在驾驶模拟器中进行的两项实验表明，刻板印象威胁也会干扰对汽车的控制。被提醒女性是糟糕驾驶员这一刻板印象的女性与未被提醒这一刻板印象的女性相比，与乱穿马路行人碰撞的可能性高出两倍多。实验2还表明，这种效应的程度与次要任务产生的效应相当，这表明刻板印象威胁可能通过干扰性的心理负荷降低驾驶表现。
