Dei H K, Rose S P, Mackenzie A M, Pirgozliev V
The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, United
Poult Sci. 2008 Apr;87(4):694-9. doi: 10.3382/ps.2007-00290.
Shea nut meal is obtained after fat extraction from shea nuts produced in West Africa. Two experiments compared the ME of different shea nut meal samples. The objective of the first experiment was to estimate the TME(n) of 2 expeller shea nut meal samples and a single nonindustrial shea nut meal sample using a precision-fed broiler assay. The second objective was to compare the nutrient composition of 6 collected shea nut meal samples (i.e., 4 expeller, 2 nonindustrial) as well as 2 defatted samples (1 expeller, 1 nonindustrial) and to examine the differences in AME between the samples. The 8 shea nut meal samples were fed at 3 dietary levels (0, 2, 4%) in a nutritionally complete basal diet to 180 Ross male broiler chicks (12 to 20 d) in an AME assay. The mean TME(n) (3,577 kcal/kg of DM) of expeller samples was higher (P<0.001) than TME(n) (3,017 kcal/kg of DM) of the nonindustrial sample. The dietary level of shea nut meal had a significant (P<0.01) effect on AME with the 4% level tending to give a lower AME than the 0 or 2% levels. However, increasing levels of defatted shea nut meals from 2 to 4% had no effect on AME of the diets. It was concluded that the available energy concentrations in the shea nut meal samples were low relative to their nutrient compositions and variable due to the content and nature of the residual fat. The variation observed among samples indicates that industrial expeller shea nut meal samples are preferable to nonindustrial meals for use in poultry rations. The nutritional quality of shea nut meal still needs improvement to allow it to be a valuable feed ingredient.
乳木果粉是从西非生产的乳木果中提取脂肪后获得的。两项实验比较了不同乳木果粉样品的代谢能。第一个实验的目的是使用精确饲喂肉鸡试验来估计2个压榨法乳木果粉样品和1个非工业生产的乳木果粉样品的真代谢能（TME(n)）。第二个目的是比较6个收集的乳木果粉样品（即4个压榨法、2个非工业生产的）以及2个脱脂样品（1个压榨法、1个非工业生产的）的营养成分，并检查样品之间表观代谢能的差异。在一项表观代谢能试验中，将这8个乳木果粉样品以3种日粮水平（0%、2%、4%）添加到营养完全的基础日粮中，饲喂180只罗斯雄性肉鸡雏鸡（12至20日龄）。压榨法样品的平均TME(n)（3577千卡/千克干物质）高于非工业生产样品的TME(n)（3017千卡/千克干物质）（P<0.001）。乳木果粉的日粮水平对表观代谢能有显著影响（P<0.01），4%水平的表观代谢能往往低于0%或2%水平。然而，将脱脂乳木果粉水平从2%提高到4%对日粮的表观代谢能没有影响。得出的结论是，相对于其营养成分，乳木果粉样品中的可利用能量浓度较低，并且由于残留脂肪的含量和性质而有所变化。样品之间观察到的差异表明，工业压榨法乳木果粉样品比非工业生产的产品更适合用于家禽日粮。乳木果粉的营养质量仍需改进，以便使其成为一种有价值的饲料原料。
