Prasad Sachin N, Houserkova Dana
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2007 Dec;151(2):209-18. doi: 10.5507/bp.2007.036.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Mammography is considered the "gold standard" in the evaluation of the breast from an imaging perspective. Apart from mammography, ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging are being offered as adjuncts to the preoperative workup. Recently, other new modalities like positron emission tomography, 99mTc-sestamibi scintimammography, and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) are also being offered. However, there is still controversy over the most appropriate use of these new modalities. Based on the literature, this review evaluates the role of various modalities used in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer.
Based on relevant literatures this article gives an overview of the old and new modalities used in the field of breast imaging. A narrative literature review of all the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted. The search of literatures was done using pubmed and ovid search engines. Additional references were found through bibliography reviews of relevant articles. It was clear that though various new technics and methods have emerged, none have substituted mammography and it is still the only proven screening method for the breast as of date.
From the literature it is clear that apropos modern radiology's impact on diagnosis, staging and patient follow-up, only one imaging technique has had a significant impact on screening asymptomatic individuals for cancer i.e.; low-dose mammography. Mammography is the only screening test proven in breast imaging. Positron emission tomography (PET) also plays an important role in staging breast cancer and monitoring treatment response. As imaging techniques improve, the role of imaging will continue to evolve with the goal remaining a decrease in breast cancer morbidity and mortality. Progress in the development and commercialisation of EIT breast imaging system will definitely help to promote other systems and applications based on the EIT and similar visualization methods. Breast ultrasound and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently used adjuncts to mammography in today's clinical practice and these techniques enhance the radiologist's ability to detect cancer and assess disease extent, which is crucial in treatment planning and staging.
乳腺癌是全球女性中最常见的癌症类型。从影像学角度来看，乳腺钼靶检查被认为是评估乳腺的“金标准”。除乳腺钼靶检查外，超声检查和磁共振成像也作为术前检查的辅助手段。最近，正电子发射断层扫描、99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈闪烁乳腺造影和电阻抗断层成像（EIT）等其他新方法也开始应用。然而，对于这些新方法的最佳使用方式仍存在争议。基于文献，本综述评估了各种方法在乳腺癌筛查和诊断中的作用。
基于相关文献，本文概述了乳腺成像领域中使用的新旧方法。对作者所知的所有相关论文进行了叙述性文献综述。使用PubMed和Ovid搜索引擎进行文献检索。通过对相关文章的参考文献综述找到了更多参考文献。很明显，尽管出现了各种新技术和方法，但没有一种能取代乳腺钼靶检查，截至目前它仍然是唯一经证实的乳腺筛查方法。
从文献中可以清楚地看出，就现代放射学对诊断、分期和患者随访的影响而言，只有一种成像技术对无症状个体的癌症筛查产生了重大影响，即低剂量乳腺钼靶检查。乳腺钼靶检查是乳腺成像中唯一经证实的筛查测试。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）在乳腺癌分期和监测治疗反应方面也发挥着重要作用。随着成像技术的改进，成像的作用将继续演变，目标仍然是降低乳腺癌的发病率和死亡率。EIT乳腺成像系统的开发和商业化进展肯定有助于推动基于EIT和类似可视化方法的其他系统和应用。在当今临床实践中，乳腺超声和乳腺磁共振成像（MRI）经常作为乳腺钼靶检查的辅助手段，这些技术提高了放射科医生检测癌症和评估疾病范围的能力，这在治疗计划和分期中至关重要。
