Yee P L, Hunt E
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1991 Aug;17(3):715-25. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.17.3.715.
Kahneman and Chajczyk (1983) found that naming a colored bar was slowed when a color word was nearby but that this decrement was reduced when a neutral word was also present. This has been referred to as the dilution effect. They accounted for their results with an attention-capture hypothesis. Response time distributions to stimuli that contained a color word and a neutral word within individuals were examined. The dilution effect did not appear within individuals. Some individuals exhibited strong Stroop interference effects, whereas others exhibited no interference. Experiment 2 showed that the interference pattern within individuals was consistent across days. Experiment 3 showed that performance could not be explained by a selection strategy that was based on word length. These experiments showed that performance in a color-plus-neutral word condition reflects a systematic pattern of interference or noninterference that varies across individuals.
卡尼曼和查伊奇克（1983年）发现，当一个颜色词在附近时，给一个彩色条命名的速度会减慢，但当一个中性词也出现时，这种减少就会减少。这被称为稀释效应。他们用注意力捕获假说来解释他们的结果。研究了个体对包含颜色词和中性词的刺激的反应时间分布。个体内部并未出现稀释效应。一些个体表现出强烈的斯特鲁普干扰效应，而另一些个体则没有干扰。实验2表明，个体内部的干扰模式在不同日子里是一致的。实验3表明，表现不能用基于单词长度的选择策略来解释。这些实验表明，在颜色加中性词条件下的表现反映了个体间不同的干扰或无干扰的系统模式。
