Lennox Richard D, Cecchini Marie A
Psychometrics Technologies, Incorporated, 2404 Western Park Lane, Hillsborough, NC 27278, USA.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2008 Mar 19;3:8. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-3-8.
An estimated 13 million youths aged 12 to 17 become involved with alcohol, tobacco and other drugs annually. The number of 12- to 17-year olds abusing controlled prescription drugs increased an alarming 212 percent between 1992 and 2003. For many youths, substance abuse precedes academic and health problems including lower grades, higher truancy, drop out decisions, delayed or damaged physical, cognitive, and emotional development, or a variety of other costly consequences. For thirty years the Narconon program has worked with schools and community groups providing single educational modules aimed at supplementing existing classroom-based prevention activities. In 2004, Narconon International developed a multi-module, universal prevention curriculum for high school ages based on drug abuse etiology, program quality management data, prevention theory and best practices. We review the curriculum and its rationale and test its ability to change drug use behavior, perceptions of risk/benefits, and general knowledge.
After informed parental consent, approximately 1000 Oklahoma and Hawai'i high school students completed a modified Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) Participant Outcome Measures for Discretionary Programs survey at three testing points: baseline, one month later, and six month follow-up. Schools assigned to experimental conditions scheduled the Narconon curriculum between the baseline and one-month follow-up test; schools in control conditions received drug education after the six-month follow-up. Student responses were analyzed controlling for baseline differences using analysis of covariance.
At six month follow-up, youths who received the Narconon drug education curriculum showed reduced drug use compared with controls across all drug categories tested. The strongest effects were seen in all tobacco products and cigarette frequency followed by marijuana. There were also significant reductions measured for alcohol and amphetamines. The program also produced changes in knowledge, attitudes and perception of risk.
The eight-module Narconon curriculum has thorough grounding in substance abuse etiology and prevention theory. Incorporating several historically successful prevention strategies this curriculum reduced drug use among youths.
据估计，每年有1300万12至17岁的青少年接触酒精、烟草和其他毒品。1992年至2003年间，滥用管制处方药的12至17岁青少年人数惊人地增加了212%。对许多青少年来说，药物滥用先于学业和健康问题，包括成绩较低、逃学率较高、辍学决定、身体、认知和情感发育延迟或受损，或产生各种其他代价高昂的后果。三十年来，“康复会”项目一直与学校和社区团体合作，提供单一的教育模块，旨在补充现有的课堂预防活动。2004年，国际康复会根据药物滥用病因学、项目质量管理数据、预防理论和最佳实践，为高中年龄段开发了一个多模块通用预防课程。我们审查了该课程及其基本原理，并测试了其改变药物使用行为、风险/益处认知和一般知识的能力。
在获得家长知情同意后，约1000名俄克拉荷马州和夏威夷州的高中生在三个测试点完成了一份经修改的药物滥用预防中心（CSAP）针对自由裁量项目的参与者结果测量调查问卷：基线、一个月后和六个月随访。分配到实验条件的学校在基线和一个月随访测试之间安排了康复会课程；对照条件的学校在六个月随访后接受毒品教育。使用协方差分析对学生回答进行分析，以控制基线差异。
在六个月随访时，接受康复会毒品教育课程的青少年与对照组相比，在所有测试的毒品类别中药物使用都有所减少。在所有烟草制品和吸烟频率方面效果最为明显，其次是大麻。酒精和安非他明的使用也有显著减少。该项目还在知识、态度和风险认知方面产生了变化。
八模块的康复会课程在药物滥用病因学和预防理论方面有坚实的基础。该课程纳入了几种历史上成功的预防策略，减少了青少年中的药物使用。
