Petersen Andrew, Barrett Rod, Morrison Steven
School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
Hum Factors. 2008 Feb;50(1):159-72. doi: 10.1518/001872008X250593.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a specific post-license driver training program on postural stability and vehicle kinematics during cornering.
Inertial forces experienced during driving can perturb a driver's posture, which may in turn diminish a driver's perceptual sensitivity and corresponding control actions.
A trainee group (n=21) and control group (n=12) participated in the study. The trainee group participated in a 2-day driver training program that included instruction on how to enhance perceptual sensitivity, postural stability, and vehicle kinematics during common driving maneuvers, including cornering. Postural stability and vehicle kinematics were assessed during cornering maneuvers performed on a closed-circuit track using an instrumented vehicle prior to and following training.
Trainee drivers experienced enhanced postural stability and reduced the magnitude and onset of peak vehicle lateral accelerations following training. Prior to training, drivers who were more posturally unstable tended to experience higher lateral vehicle accelerations, and drivers with the biggest improvements in postural stability following training tended to experience the greatest reductions in lateral accelerations of the vehicle.
Training led to changes in postural stability that were associated with reduced lateral accelerations during cornering.
The reduction in lateral accelerations following training in the present study indicates a greater dynamic margin of safety for cornering. Overall findings suggest that the driver training programs produced beneficial effects on cornering kinematics and that these effectswere associated with enhanced postural stability.
本研究旨在探讨特定的驾照后驾驶员培训计划对转弯时姿势稳定性和车辆运动学的影响。
驾驶过程中所经历的惯性力会干扰驾驶员的姿势，进而可能降低驾驶员的感知灵敏度及相应的控制动作。
一个学员组（n = 21）和一个对照组（n = 12）参与了本研究。学员组参加了一个为期两天的驾驶员培训计划，其中包括关于如何在包括转弯在内的常见驾驶操作中提高感知灵敏度、姿势稳定性和车辆运动学的指导。在使用仪器化车辆在封闭赛道上进行转弯操作时，在训练前后对姿势稳定性和车辆运动学进行评估。
经过训练，学员驾驶员的姿势稳定性得到增强，车辆横向加速度峰值的大小和起始时间有所降低。在训练前，姿势更不稳定的驾驶员往往经历更高的车辆横向加速度，而训练后姿势稳定性改善最大的驾驶员往往经历车辆横向加速度的最大降低。
训练导致姿势稳定性发生变化，这与转弯时横向加速度的降低有关。
本研究中训练后横向加速度的降低表明转弯时动态安全裕度更大。总体研究结果表明，驾驶员培训计划对转弯运动学产生了有益影响，并且这些影响与姿势稳定性的增强有关。
