Bonderoff J M, Lloyd R E
Department of Molecualr Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008;323:123-47. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-75546-3_6.
Our understanding of coxsackie B virus translation and replication has benefited greatly from half a century of research on the closely related polioviruses. Like poliovirus, coxsackievirus gene expression is controlled largely at the translation level and coxsackievirus infection results in profound changes in the profile of mRNAs with access to the protein synthesis machinery of the host cell. This review chronicles the advances in understanding translational control by the enteroviruses, primarily in poliovirus and clarified by related viruses, and highlights areas where coxsackievirus conforms to or differs from the aggregate model. Basic IRES structure and function, proteins involved in cap-dependent and viral translation, viral modification of translation factors to achieve host translation shutoff and promotion of viral translation are discussed. The translational bases for neurovirulent phenotypes and tissue specificity are also addressed.
在过去半个世纪对密切相关的脊髓灰质炎病毒的研究中，我们对柯萨奇B病毒的翻译和复制有了极大的了解。与脊髓灰质炎病毒一样，柯萨奇病毒的基因表达在很大程度上受翻译水平控制，柯萨奇病毒感染会导致可利用宿主细胞蛋白质合成机制的mRNA谱发生深刻变化。本综述记录了在理解肠道病毒翻译控制方面取得的进展，主要是在脊髓灰质炎病毒方面，并通过相关病毒加以阐明，突出了柯萨奇病毒符合或不同于总体模型的领域。讨论了基本的内部核糖体进入位点（IRES）结构和功能、参与帽依赖性和病毒翻译的蛋白质、翻译因子的病毒修饰以实现宿主翻译关闭和促进病毒翻译。还讨论了神经毒性表型和组织特异性的翻译基础。
