McDonell James R, Melton Gary B
Institute on Family & Neighborhood Life, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Fam Community Health. 2008 Apr-Jun;31(2):113-25. doi: 10.1097/01.FCH.0000314572.66528.fe.
Most programs for preventing child maltreatment have relied largely or exclusively on individual- and family-level interventions. However, the absence of community-level strategies conflicts with a growing body of research showing the importance of community factors in the prevalence of child abuse and neglect. Parents trying to cope with dangerous community conditions may become too punitive or, conversely, insufficiently watchful. In short, parents rearing children in weak communities have a hard job to do. Conversely, however, supportive communities can mitigate the threats posed by risky environments. Programmatic experience and the research program in Strong Communities for Children suggest some possible directions. The study also indicates reasons that the generation and application of community research have been slow, and suggests steps to remediate these problems.
大多数预防儿童虐待的项目主要或完全依赖于个人和家庭层面的干预措施。然而，缺乏社区层面的策略与越来越多的研究相矛盾，这些研究表明社区因素在儿童虐待和忽视的发生率中具有重要作用。试图应对危险社区环境的父母可能会变得过于严厉，或者相反，警惕性不足。简而言之，在薄弱社区抚养孩子的父母面临着艰巨的任务。然而，相反的是，支持性的社区可以减轻危险环境带来的威胁。“儿童强社区”项目的实践经验和研究项目提出了一些可能的方向。该研究还指出了社区研究的产生和应用一直缓慢的原因，并提出了解决这些问题的措施。
