Graveling R A
Ergonomics Section, Institute of Occupational Medicine Ltd, Edinburgh, U.K.
Ann Occup Hyg. 1991 Aug;35(4):427-32. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/35.4.427.
About a quarter of 3-day plus accidents are associated with the manual handling of loads and about a half of these result in low back pain. In response to this major cause of injury, sickness absence and pain, legislation is currently being prepared which will require employers to assess manual handling tasks and to reduce the amount of such handling required. Where it is not possible to remove the need for such handling altogether, then steps must be taken to reduce the risk of injury. This paper briefly describes three approaches which have been promulgated: selection or screening, training and ergonomics. It outlines each approach, concluding that a realistic solution to a specific problem may embody elements of all three.
在持续三天及以上的事故中，约四分之一与人工搬运重物有关，其中约一半会导致腰痛。针对这一造成受伤、病假和疼痛的主要原因，目前正在制定相关法规，要求雇主评估人工搬运任务，并减少此类搬运工作的工作量。如果无法完全消除此类搬运的必要性，那么必须采取措施降低受伤风险。本文简要介绍了已颁布的三种方法：选拔或筛选、培训和人体工程学。文章概述了每种方法，并得出结论，针对特定问题的切实可行的解决方案可能包含这三种方法的要素。
