Troché G, Sacquin P, Achkar A, Korach J M, Laaban J P, Gajdos P
Service de Réanimation médicale, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches.
Presse Med. 1991 Nov 2;20(35):1724-7.
Methotrexate toxicity is rare but extremely severe. When complete, it consists of ulcerations of the gastrointestinal mucosae responsible for necrotizing enteritis, erythroderma, bone marrow aplasia, interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis and organic renal failure with diuresis. Toxicity is facilitated by pre-existing renal impairment, third sector and abstention or underdosage of foliculinic acid prescribed as antagonist. The diagnosis rests on serum assays, the results of which must be interpreted taking into account the assay method and the time elapsed between the injection of methotrexate and its assay in serum. The multivisceral pathology observed may totally regress, as in the case reported here. Treatment is based on symptomatic measures, starting with maintenance of an abundant and alkaline diuresis, and on the parenteral administration of folinic acid in doses that vary with the authors.
甲氨蝶呤毒性罕见但极其严重。其表现完全时,包括导致坏死性肠炎的胃肠道黏膜溃疡、红皮病、骨髓再生障碍、间质性肺炎、肝炎以及伴有多尿的器质性肾衰竭。先前存在的肾功能损害、第三间隙以及作为拮抗剂使用的亚叶酸的戒断或剂量不足会促使毒性发生。诊断依赖于血清检测,其结果必须结合检测方法以及甲氨蝶呤注射与血清检测之间的时间间隔来解读。所观察到的多脏器病变可能会完全消退,如此处报告的病例。治疗基于对症措施,首先是维持充足的碱性利尿,以及根据不同作者使用剂量各异的亚叶酸进行肠胃外给药。