Ford Paula B, Dzewaltowski David A
Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2008 Apr;66(4):216-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00026.x.
Although the overall population in the United States has experienced a dramatic increase in obesity in the past 25 years, ethnic/racial minorities, and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations have a greater prevalence of obesity, as compared to white, and/or economically advantaged populations. Disparities in obesity are unlikely to be predominantly due to individual psychosocial or biological differences, and they may reflect differences in the built or social environment. The retail food environment is a critical aspect of the built environment that can contribute to observed disparities. This paper reviews the literature on retail food environments in the United States and proposes interrelated hypotheses that geographic, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in obesity within the United States are the result of disparities in the retail food environment. The findings of this literature review suggest that poor-quality retail food environments in disadvantaged areas, in conjunction with limited individual economic resources, contribute to increased risk of obesity within racial and ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
尽管在过去25年里，美国总体人口的肥胖率急剧上升，但与白人及/或经济状况较好的人群相比，少数族裔和社会经济地位不利的人群肥胖率更高。肥胖差异不太可能主要归因于个体心理社会或生物学差异，它们可能反映了建筑环境或社会环境的差异。零售食品环境是建筑环境的一个关键方面，可能导致观察到的差异。本文回顾了美国零售食品环境的相关文献，并提出了相互关联的假设，即美国肥胖的地理、种族、民族和社会经济差异是零售食品环境差异的结果。这篇文献综述的结果表明，贫困地区质量较差的零售食品环境，再加上个人经济资源有限，会增加少数族裔和社会经济地位不利人群的肥胖风险。
