Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden,
Purinergic Signal. 2008 Mar;4(1):1-20. doi: 10.1007/s11302-007-9078-7. Epub 2007 Sep 21.
The role of ATP as an extracellular signalling molecule is now well established and evidence is accumulating that ATP and other nucleotides (ADP, UTP and UDP) play important roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, acting via P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled) receptors. In this article we consider the dual role of ATP in regulation of vascular tone, released as a cotransmitter from sympathetic nerves or released in the vascular lumen in response to changes in blood flow and hypoxia. Further, purinergic long-term trophic and inflammatory signalling is described in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and death in angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, restenosis and atherosclerosis. The effects on haemostasis and cardiac regulation is reviewed. The involvement of ATP in vascular diseases such as thrombosis, hypertension and diabetes will also be discussed, as well as various heart conditions. The purinergic system may be of similar importance as the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems in cardiovascular regulation and pathophysiology. The extracellular nucleotides and their cardiovascular P2 receptors are now entering the phase of clinical development.
三磷酸腺苷（ATP）作为细胞外信号分子的作用现已得到充分证实，越来越多的证据表明，ATP 和其他核苷酸（二磷酸腺苷 ADP、三磷酸尿苷 UTP 和尿苷二磷酸 UDP）通过 P2X（离子通道）和 P2Y（G 蛋白偶联）受体在心血管生理学和病理生理学中发挥重要作用。在本文中，我们考虑了 ATP 在血管张力调节中的双重作用，它作为交感神经的共递质释放，或在血流和缺氧变化时从血管腔中释放。此外，嘌呤能长期营养和炎症信号在血管生成、血管重塑、再狭窄和动脉粥样硬化中的细胞增殖、分化、迁移和死亡中也有描述。还回顾了对止血和心脏调节的影响。ATP 在血栓形成、高血压和糖尿病等血管疾病中的作用也将进行讨论，以及各种心脏疾病。嘌呤能系统在心血管调节和病理生理学中可能与交感神经系统和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统同样重要。细胞外核苷酸及其心血管 P2 受体现在正在进入临床开发阶段。
