客船上病媒种类的监测研究，与虫害相关的风险因素。
Surveillance study of vector species on board passenger ships, risk factors related to infestations.
作者信息
Mouchtouri Varvara A, Anagnostopoulou Rimma, Samanidou-Voyadjoglou Anna, Theodoridou Kalliopi, Hatzoglou Chrissi, Kremastinou Jenny, Hadjichristodoulou Christos
机构信息
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2008 Mar 27;8:100. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-100.
BACKGROUND
Passenger ships provide conditions suitable for the survival and growth of pest populations. Arthropods and rodents can gain access directly from the ships' open spaces, can be carried in shiploads, or can be found on humans or animals as ectoparasites. Vectors on board ships may contaminate stored foods, transmit illness on board, or, introduce diseases in new areas. Pest species, ship areas facilitating infestations, and different risk factors related to infestations were identified in 21 ferries.
METHODS
486 traps for insects and rodents were placed in 21 ferries. Archives of Public Health Authorities were reviewed to identify complaints regarding the presence of pest species on board ferries from 1994 to 2004. A detail questionnaire was used to collect data on ship characteristics and pest control practices.
RESULTS
Eighteen ferries were infested with flies (85.7%), 11 with cockroaches (52.3%), three with bedbugs, and one with fleas. Other species had been found on board were ants, spiders, butterflies, beetles, and a lizard. A total of 431 Blattella germanica species were captured in 28 (9.96%) traps, and 84.2% of them were nymphs. One ship was highly infested. Cockroach infestation was negatively associated with ferries in which Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system was applied to ensure food safety on board (Relative Risk, RR = 0.23, p = 0.03), and positively associated with ferries in which cockroaches were observed by crew (RR = 4.09, p = 0.007), no cockroach monitoring log was kept (RR = 5.00, p = 0.02), and pesticide sprays for domestic use were applied by crew (RR = 4.00, p = 0.05). Cockroach infested ships had higher age (p = 0.03). Neither rats nor mice were found on any ship, but three ferries had been infested with a rodent in the past.
CONCLUSION
Integrated pest control programs should include continuing monitoring for a variety of pest species in different ship locations; pest control measures should be more persistent in older ships. HACCP system aids in the prevention of cockroach infestations on board.
背景
客船提供了适合害虫种群生存和繁衍的条件。节肢动物和啮齿动物可以直接从船舶的开放空间进入，也可以随货物携带上船，或者作为体表寄生虫在人类或动物身上被发现。船上的病媒可能会污染储存的食物，在船上传播疾病，或者将疾病引入新的地区。在21艘渡轮上识别出了害虫种类、容易滋生害虫的船舶区域以及与虫害相关的不同风险因素。
方法
在21艘渡轮上放置了486个昆虫和啮齿动物诱捕器。查阅了公共卫生当局的档案，以确定1994年至2004年期间有关渡轮上有害虫存在的投诉。使用详细问卷收集船舶特征和虫害控制措施的数据。
结果
18艘渡轮有苍蝇滋生（85.7%），11艘有蟑螂滋生（52.3%），3艘有臭虫，1艘有跳蚤。在船上还发现了其他物种，包括蚂蚁、蜘蛛、蝴蝶、甲虫和一只蜥蜴。在28个（9.96%）诱捕器中总共捕获了431只德国小蠊，其中84.2%是若虫。有一艘船虫害严重。蟑螂滋生与应用危害分析关键控制点系统以确保船上食品安全的渡轮呈负相关（相对风险，RR = 0.23，p = 0.03），与船员观察到有蟑螂的渡轮呈正相关（RR = 4.09，p = 0.007），与未保存蟑螂监测记录的渡轮呈正相关（RR = 5.00，p = 0.02），与船员使用家用杀虫剂喷雾的渡轮呈正相关（RR = 4.00，p = 0.05）。有蟑螂滋生的渡轮船龄更大（p = 0.03）。在任何船上都未发现大鼠或小鼠，但有3艘渡轮过去曾有啮齿动物滋生。
结论
综合虫害控制计划应包括持续监测不同船舶位置的各种害虫种类；在较旧的船舶上，虫害控制措施应更加持久。危害分析关键控制点系统有助于预防船上蟑螂滋生。
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