Kargozaran Hamed, Kahlenberg Morton, Khatri Vijay P
Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2008 Apr;17(2):341-55, viii-ix. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2007.12.005.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the United States. Advances in molecular biology have enhanced the understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis. Approximately 75% of CRCs are sporadic; the rest are hereditary or belong to a familial syndrome. Identification of familial forms of CRC have enabled the development of several models of carcinogenesis and made CRC a well-studied malignancy in terms of molecular pathogenesis. Pathways containing multiple mutations and genetic alterations that play a role in hereditary CRC pathogenesis have been elucidated. Many of the molecular changes seen in these pathways also are involved in the development of sporadic cancers.
结直肠癌（CRC）是美国第三大常见恶性肿瘤。分子生物学的进展加深了人们对结直肠癌发生机制的理解。大约75%的结直肠癌是散发性的；其余的是遗传性的或属于家族性综合征。对结直肠癌家族形式的识别使得几种癌症发生模型得以发展，并使结直肠癌成为在分子发病机制方面得到充分研究的恶性肿瘤。已经阐明了在遗传性结直肠癌发病机制中起作用的包含多个突变和基因改变的通路。在这些通路中看到的许多分子变化也参与了散发性癌症的发生。
