Patten L E, Hodgen J M, Stelzleni A M, Calkins C R, Johnson D D, Gwartney B L
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Aug;86(8):1904-16. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0478. Epub 2008 Mar 28.
The objective of this study was to identify muscles from cow populations that are equivalent or may possibly be made equivalent to muscles from A-maturity, Select-grade cattle in terms of chemical, compositional, and color characteristics. Objective color, expressible moisture, proximate composition, pH, heme iron concentration, and total collagen content were determined for 9 muscles (M. gluteus medius, M. infraspinatus, M. longissimus dorsi, M. psoas major, M. rectus femoris, M. tensor fascia latae, M. teres major, M. triceps brachii lateral-head, and M. triceps brachii long-head) from 15 cattle from each of 5 commercially identified populations [fed beef cows (B-F), non-fed beef cows (B-NF), fed dairy cows (D-F), non-fed dairy cows (D-NF), and A-maturity, Select-grade cattle (SEL)]. Muscles from B-F and B-NF populations were more similar to the SEL than were the D-F and D-NF. There were 2 muscles, the M. infraspinatus and M. teres major, from the population of B-F that were similar, physically and chemically, to SEL in most traits. The majority of the 9 muscles from the cows did not differ (P < 0.05) from SEL for percentage expressible moisture, proximate composition, and total collagen content. However, notable differences in pH, objective color L*, total pigment content, and heme iron content existed between cow populations and SEL. The muscles from SEL had significantly (P < 0.05) lower total pigment and heme iron concentrations. These differences likely relate to the visual appearance of muscles from the different populations of cattle. Two of the 9 muscles studied were similar among cow populations and A-maturity, Select-grade beef.
本研究的目的是确定奶牛群体中的肌肉，这些肌肉在化学、成分和颜色特征方面与A成熟度、精选级别的肉牛的肌肉相当或可能变得相当。测定了来自5个商业认定群体（育肥肉牛（B-F）、非育肥肉牛（B-NF）、育肥奶牛（D-F）、非育肥奶牛（D-NF）以及A成熟度、精选级别的肉牛（SEL））中各15头牛的9块肌肉（臀中肌、冈下肌、背最长肌、腰大肌、股直肌、阔筋膜张肌、大圆肌、肱三头肌外侧头和肱三头肌长头）的目标颜色、可表达水分、近似成分、pH值、血红素铁浓度和总胶原蛋白含量。B-F和B-NF群体的肌肉比D-F和D-NF群体的肌肉在更多方面与SEL群体的肌肉相似。B-F群体中有两块肌肉，即冈下肌和大圆肌，在大多数性状上在物理和化学性质上与SEL群体的肌肉相似。奶牛的9块肌肉中，大多数在可表达水分百分比、近似成分和总胶原蛋白含量方面与SEL群体的肌肉没有差异（P<0.05）。然而，奶牛群体和SEL群体之间在pH值、目标颜色L*、总色素含量和血红素铁含量方面存在显著差异。SEL群体的肌肉总色素和血红素铁浓度显著较低（P<0.05）。这些差异可能与不同牛群肌肉的视觉外观有关。所研究的9块肌肉中有两块在奶牛群体和A成熟度、精选级别的肉牛之间相似。
