Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

Limited access, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting for revascularization of all the various coronary arteries is an acceptable alternative to standard on-pump coronary bypass grafting through sternotomy. A variety of small, targeted incisions are used to approach various coronary locations. Technical advances in conduit harvesting, stabilization, cardiac positioning devices, and anastomotic connectors have made these procedures more standardized and replicable. This has resulted in reduced morbidity as a consequence of less invasive approaches. These efforts have paved the way for the ultimate goal of same day surgical coronary revascularization.