Little C L, Gillespie I A
Health Protection Agency, Department of Gastrointestinal, Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, HPA Centre for Infections, London, UK.
J Appl Microbiol. 2008 Dec;105(6):1729-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03801.x. Epub 2008 Apr 4.
In recent years the importance of prepared salads as potential vehicles of gastrointestinal infection has been highlighted by several large outbreaks both nationally and across international boundaries. Between 1992 and 2006, 2274 foodborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease were reported in England and Wales, of which 4% were associated with the consumption of prepared salads. In total, 3434 people were affected, with 66 hospitalizations and one death reported. The attribution of prepared salad types and pathogens among prepared salad associated outbreaks are presented and discussed. Findings from UK studies on salad vegetables, fruit and mixed salads from 1995 to 2007 (21 247 samples) indicate that most bacteria of concern with regard to human health are relatively rare in these products (98.6% of satisfactory quality); however, outbreaks of salmonellosis were uncovered associated with bagged salad leaves and fresh herbs during two such studies. Although it is known that fresh salad vegetables, herbs or fruit may become contaminated from environmental sources, only in recent years has the association of foods of nonanimal origin, such as salad vegetables, with foodborne illness become evident and recurrent, demonstrating that major health problems can arise from consumption of contaminated prepared salads if hygiene practices breakdown.
近年来，几起国内和跨国的大规模疫情爆发凸显了即食沙拉作为胃肠道感染潜在传播媒介的重要性。1992年至2006年期间，英格兰和威尔士共报告了2274起食源性感染性肠道疾病疫情，其中4%与食用即食沙拉有关。总共有3434人受到影响，报告了66例住院病例和1例死亡病例。本文介绍并讨论了即食沙拉相关疫情中即食沙拉类型和病原体的归因情况。1995年至2007年英国对沙拉蔬菜、水果和混合沙拉的研究（21247个样本）结果表明，这些产品中大多数与人类健康相关的细菌相对较少（98.6%质量合格）；然而，在两项此类研究中发现了与袋装沙拉叶和新鲜香草有关的沙门氏菌病疫情。尽管已知新鲜的沙拉蔬菜、香草或水果可能会受到环境源的污染，但直到近年来，非动物源性食品（如沙拉蔬菜）与食源性疾病之间的关联才变得明显且反复出现，这表明如果卫生措施失效，食用受污染的即食沙拉可能会引发重大健康问题。
