Konnai Satoru, Mekata Hirohisa, Odbileg Raadan, Simuunza Martin, Chembensof Mwelwa, Witola William Harold, Tembo Mwase Enala, Chitambo Harrison, Inoue Noboru, Onuma Misao, Ohashi Kazuhiko
Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008 Aug;8(4):565-73. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0223.
The prevalence of trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in the Chiawa area of Lower Zambezi in Zambia, with endemic trypanosomosis, was determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that allowed the detection of trypanosome DNA and determination of the type of animal host fed on by the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes, using tsetse-derived DNA extracts as templates. Ninety G. pallidipes (82 females and 8 males; 18.3%) of the 492 flies captured by baited biconical traps tested positive for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei species genomic DNA. Of the 90 T. brucei-positive flies, 47 (52.2%) also tested positive for vertebrate mitochondrial DNA. Sequence analysis of the vertebrate mitochondrial DNA amplicons established that they originated from 8 different vertebrate species, namely, human (Homo sapiens), African elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), and goat (Capra hircus). Furthermore, to investigate the prevalence of trypanosome infections in domestic goats in the same area where trypanosomes had been detected in tsetse files, a total of 86 goats were randomly selected from 6 different herds. Among the selected goats, 36 (41.9%) were found to be positive for T. brucei species. This combined detection method would be an ideal approach not only for mass screening for infection prevalence in tsetse populations, but also for the prediction of natural reservoirs in areas endemic for trypanosomosis.
赞比亚下赞比西河基亚瓦地区存在锥虫病地方流行，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法测定了采采蝇中锥虫感染的流行情况。该方法以采采蝇来源的DNA提取物为模板，可检测锥虫DNA并确定采采蝇淡足舌蝇（Glossina pallidipes）所吸食的动物宿主类型。在通过诱饵双锥陷阱捕获的492只采采蝇中，有90只淡足舌蝇（82只雌性和8只雄性；占18.3%）检测出布氏锥虫（Trypanosoma brucei）物种基因组DNA呈阳性。在这90只布氏锥虫阳性采采蝇中，有47只（占52.2%）的脊椎动物线粒体DNA检测也呈阳性。对脊椎动物线粒体DNA扩增子的序列分析表明，它们来自8种不同的脊椎动物物种，即人类（智人）、非洲象（草原象）、非洲水牛（非洲野水牛）、水羚（水羚）、马羚（黑马羚）、大羚羊（大羚羊）、疣猪（非洲疣猪）和山羊（山羊）。此外，为了调查在采采蝇中检测到锥虫的同一地区家山羊中锥虫感染的流行情况，从6个不同的畜群中随机挑选了86只山羊。在所选山羊中，有36只（占41.9%）被发现布氏锥虫物种呈阳性。这种联合检测方法不仅是大规模筛查采采蝇种群感染流行情况的理想方法，也是预测锥虫病流行地区自然宿主的理想方法。
