Catheter-based local antiproliferative therapy in kissing balloon technique for in-stent stenosis of coronary artery bifurcation lesions.

There is currently no promising interventional solution for in-stent stenosis in previously stented bifurcation lesions, even with drug-eluting stents. Rather than being restricted to stent struts, catheter-based local antiproliferative therapy offers the advantage of homogenous drug transfer to the whole vessel wall, and thereby allows for intracoronary pharmacotherapy without adding additional layers of metal into an already stented lesion. The newly developed GENIE catheter (Acrostak Corp, Switzerland), applied in the kissing balloon technique, allows for delivery of liquid paclitaxel into whole bifurcation lesions without repeat stent implantation. After conventional percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, local delivery of paclitaxel using two GENIE catheters in the kissing balloon technique was performed in three patients (left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary arteries) with highly symptomatic in-stent bifurcation stenoses. The intervention was feasible and safe in all coronary arteries. Final angiography and control angiography after six months showed good results. No major adverse cardiac events occurred 30 days and six months after intervention. The patients, who represent a group at high risk of recurrent instent restenosis, remained asymptomatic since the local drug delivery. They did not require insertion of a drug-eluting stent or crossover to coronary artery bypass surgery. In conclusion, this new treatment strategy proved to be safe and effective in this first human experience and offers a promising alternative to surgery or implantation of additional stents in these patients.