Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Purinergic Signal. 2004 Dec;1(1):31-41. doi: 10.1007/s11302-004-4746-3.
Within the last 15 years, at least 8 different G protein-coupled P2Y receptors have been characterized. These mediate slow metabotropic effects of nucleotides in neurons as well as non-neural cells, as opposed to the fast ionotropic effects which are mediated by P2X receptors. One class of effector systems regulated by various G protein-coupled receptors are voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the modulation of such neuronal ion channels via P2Y receptors. The regulated proteins include voltage-gated Ca(2+) and K(+) channels, as well as N-methyl-D: -aspartate, vanilloid, and P2X receptors, and the regulating entities include most of the known P2Y receptor subtypes. The functional consequences of the modulation of ion channels by nucleotides acting at pre- or postsynaptic P2Y receptors are changes in the strength of synaptic transmission. Accordingly, ATP and related nucleotides may act not only as fast transmitters (via P2X receptors) in the nervous system, but also as neuromodulators (via P2Y receptors). Hence, nucleotides are as universal transmitters as, for instance, acetylcholine, glutamate, or gamma-aminobutyric acid.
在过去的 15 年中，至少有 8 种不同的 G 蛋白偶联 P2Y 受体被鉴定出来。这些受体介导核苷酸在神经元和非神经元细胞中的慢代谢型作用，而不是由 P2X 受体介导的快速离子型作用。受各种 G 蛋白偶联受体调节的效应器系统之一是电压门控和配体门控离子通道。这篇综述总结了目前关于通过 P2Y 受体调节这种神经元离子通道的知识。受调节的蛋白质包括电压门控 Ca(2+)和 K(+)通道，以及 N-甲基-D：-天冬氨酸、香草酸和 P2X 受体，调节实体包括大多数已知的 P2Y 受体亚型。核苷酸作用于突触前或突触后 P2Y 受体对离子通道的调制的功能后果是突触传递强度的变化。因此，ATP 和相关核苷酸不仅可以作为神经系统中的快速递质（通过 P2X 受体），还可以作为神经调质（通过 P2Y 受体）。因此，核苷酸是像乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸或γ-氨基丁酸一样普遍的递质。
