Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Purinergic Signal. 2007 Sep;3(4):317-31. doi: 10.1007/s11302-007-9074-y. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
Ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and participate in the synaptic process particularly associated with acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate neurotransmission. As a result of activation, the P2 receptors promote the elevation of free intracellular calcium concentration as the main signaling pathway. Purinergic signaling is present in early stages of embryogenesis and is involved in processes of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The use of new techniques such as knockout animals, in vitro models of neuronal differentiation, antisense oligonucleotides to induce downregulation of purinergic receptor gene expression, and the development of selective inhibitors for purinergic receptor subtypes contribute to the comprehension of the role of purinergic signaling during neurogenesis. In this review, we shall discuss the participation of purinergic receptors in developmental processes and in brain physiology, including neuron-glia interactions and pathophysiology.
离子型 P2X 和代谢型 P2Y 嘌呤能受体存在于中枢神经系统中，并参与与乙酰胆碱、GABA 和谷氨酸神经递质传递特别相关的突触过程。由于激活，P2 受体促进游离细胞内钙浓度的升高，作为主要的信号通路。嘌呤能信号存在于胚胎发生的早期阶段，并参与细胞增殖、迁移和分化的过程。新的技术的应用，如敲除动物、神经元分化的体外模型、反义寡核苷酸诱导嘌呤能受体基因表达下调，以及选择性嘌呤能受体亚型抑制剂的开发，有助于理解嘌呤能信号在神经发生过程中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论嘌呤能受体在发育过程和大脑生理学中的参与，包括神经元-胶质相互作用和病理生理学。
