[Recombinant genome of cereals: the pattern of formation and the role in evolution of polyploid species].

The pivotal-differential model of evolution of polyploid species of cereals has been experimentally reproduced, and the pattern of the formation of a recombinant genome has been analyzed. It has been found that mutual substitution of chromosomes of the original genomes is subjected to selection pressure and, hence, is nonrandom. The selection occurs at the level of homeologs, whose selective advantages are determined by interactions between the genotype and the environment. If a homeolog has distinct selective advantages, the chromosomal composition of the corresponding homeologous group is completed rapidly, which leads to the formation of intergenomic recombination at the level of whole chromosomes. If homeologs have the same competitiveness, the composition of the group is stabilized more slowly. Domination of the genetic systems of the basic genome ensures a high rate of pairing of homeologous chromosomes of the recombinant genome during meiosis, which leads to recombinations at the level of chromosomal segments. It has been demonstrated that different combinations of chromosomes from original genomes are selected at different conditions of plant growth.