Folletti I, Bussetti A, Armadori M, Giovannelli G, Paolocci G, Siracusa A
Allergologia Professionale e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dip. Di Med. Clin e Sperim.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2007 Jul-Sep;29(3 Suppl):619-20.
Data for time trends in the prevalence of occupational asthma (OA) and rhinitis (OR) are not known. To investigate trends in the prevalence and incidence of OA and OR over time, we reviewed the available literature. We analysed 15 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies published from 1980 to 2006. In workers exposed to laboratory animals (LA) the prevalence of OA ranged from 2.2% to 11.7%; the prevalence of OR ranged from 6.7% to 41.7%. When we analysed prevalence by study date using a logistic model, the estimated prevalence of OA declined from 8.7% in 1976 to 4.2% in 2001 (p < 0.003), which is -1.8% every ten years. The prevalence of OR rose slightly from 18.5% in 1976 to 19.7% in 2001 (NS). In four longitudinal studies the incidence of OA ranged from 0.4 to 3.5/100 person years, while the incidence of OR ranged from 2.0 to 10.1/100 person years. No clear trend emerged over time. This review shows a trend toward a progressive decline in the prevalence of occupational asthma due to laboratory animals, which may be due to the reduction of exposure since the early 1980s. A further reduction of exposure is needed to prevent the onset of occupational rhinitis.
职业性哮喘（OA）和鼻炎（OR）患病率的时间趋势数据尚不清楚。为了调查OA和OR患病率及发病率随时间的变化趋势，我们查阅了现有文献。我们分析了1980年至2006年发表的15项横断面研究和4项纵向研究。在接触实验动物（LA）的工人中，OA的患病率在2.2%至11.7%之间；OR的患病率在6.7%至41.7%之间。当我们使用逻辑模型按研究日期分析患病率时，OA的估计患病率从1976年的8.7%下降到2001年的4.2%（p < 0.003），即每十年下降-1.8%。OR的患病率从1976年的18.5%略有上升至2001年的19.7%（无显著性差异）。在四项纵向研究中，OA的发病率在0.4至3.5/100人年之间，而OR的发病率在2.0至10.1/100人年之间。随着时间的推移，未出现明显趋势。本综述显示，由于实验动物导致的职业性哮喘患病率呈逐渐下降趋势，这可能是由于自20世纪80年代初以来接触减少所致。需要进一步减少接触以预防职业性鼻炎的发生。
