Leroyer A S, Tedgui A, Boulanger C M
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Unit 689), Cardiovascular Research Institute Inserm, Paris, France.
J Intern Med. 2008 May;263(5):528-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01957.x.
Cell activation or apoptosis leads to plasma membrane blebbing and microparticle (MP) release in the extracellular space. MPs are submicron membrane vesicles which express a panel of phospholipids and proteins specific of the cells they are derived from. Exposure of negatively charged phospholipids and tissue factor confers a procoagulant potential to MPs. MPs accumulate in the lipid core of the atherosclertotic plaque and is a major determinant of its thrombogenecity. Elevation of plasma MPs levels, particularly those of endothelial origin, reflects cellular injury and is considered now as a surrogate marker of vascular dysfunction. Thus, MPs can be seen as triggers of a vicious circle for they promote prothrombogenic and pro-inflammatory responses as well as cellular dysfunction within the vascular compartment. A better knowledge of MP composition and biological effects as well as the mechanisms leading to their clearance will probably open new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of atherothrombosis.
细胞活化或凋亡会导致质膜起泡并在细胞外空间释放微粒（MP）。MP是亚微米级的膜泡，表达一组特定于其来源细胞的磷脂和蛋白质。带负电荷的磷脂和组织因子的暴露赋予MP促凝血潜能。MP积聚在动脉粥样硬化斑块的脂质核心中，是其血栓形成性的主要决定因素。血浆MP水平升高，尤其是内皮来源的MP水平升高，反映了细胞损伤，现在被认为是血管功能障碍的替代标志物。因此，MP可被视为恶性循环的触发因素，因为它们会促进促血栓形成和促炎反应以及血管腔内的细胞功能障碍。更好地了解MP的组成、生物学效应以及导致其清除的机制，可能会为动脉粥样硬化血栓形成的治疗开辟新的治疗方法。
