Münch M Y, Cain S W, Duffy J F
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2007;72:35-46. doi: 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.065.
Rhythms of sleep and wakefulness (typically measured as rest/activity rhythms) are among the most prominent of biological rhythms and therefore were among the first to be recorded in early chronobiological studies. These rhythms can provide useful information about the central biological clock, although an appreciation of the problems associated with using rest/activity to infer central clock function is important in the design and interpretation of chronobiological experiments in both animals and humans. Here, we review the anatomical and neurophysiologic bases of sleep regulation in mammals as well as similarities and differences between the sleep of humans and that of other organisms. We outline how human sleep is measured, the role of the circadian system in models of human sleep regulation, and human circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Although the function of sleep is still not completely understood, sleep has a critical role for human health, and we have attempted to outline the role that the circadian timing system has in regulating human sleep and in contributing to sleep disorders.
睡眠和觉醒节律（通常以休息/活动节律来衡量）是最显著的生物节律之一，因此也是早期生物钟学研究中最早被记录的节律之一。这些节律可以提供有关中央生物钟的有用信息，不过在设计和解释动物及人类的生物钟学实验时，认识到利用休息/活动来推断中央生物钟功能所存在的问题很重要。在这里，我们回顾哺乳动物睡眠调节的解剖学和神经生理学基础，以及人类睡眠与其他生物睡眠之间的异同。我们概述了人类睡眠的测量方法、昼夜节律系统在人类睡眠调节模型中的作用以及人类昼夜节律性睡眠障碍。尽管睡眠的功能仍未被完全理解，但睡眠对人类健康至关重要，我们试图概述昼夜节律计时系统在调节人类睡眠及导致睡眠障碍方面所起的作用。
