Eisenberg Sarita L, Ukrainetz Teresa A, Hsu Jennifer R, Kaderavek Joan N, Justice Laura M, Gillam Ronald B
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2008 Apr;39(2):145-57. doi: 10.1044/0161-1461(2008/014).
One feature of literate language, noun phrase elaboration, was examined in the oral fictional narratives of school-aged children.
Two narratives were elicited from 5-, 8- and 11-year-old children, 1 in response to a picture sequence and 1 in response to a single picture. Noun phrases were categorized into 4 types.
Simple designating noun phrases were produced by all children at age 5, simple descriptive noun phrases by all children at age 8, and noun phrases with postmodification by all children at age 11. All noun phrase types were produced by more children in object than in subject position and in the single picture than in the picture sequence context.
There are important developmental changes in noun phrase elaboration in the elementary school years as children learn to manage narrative contexts. Even within picture tasks, variations in visual depiction can affect the use of elaborated noun phrases (ENPs), with more descriptive language more likely to occur in narratives based on a single picture fantasy context than on a realistic picture sequence context. Performance expectations for types of ENPs within these contexts are provided. These findings will be useful to school clinicians in evaluating and working on narrative language within the elementary school period.
研究学龄儿童口头虚构叙事中书面语言的一个特征——名词短语细化。
从5岁、8岁和11岁的儿童中引出两篇叙事，一篇是对一组图片序列的回应，另一篇是对单张图片的回应。名词短语被分为4种类型。
5岁的所有儿童都能生成简单指称名词短语，8岁的所有儿童都能生成简单描述性名词短语，11岁的所有儿童都能生成带后置修饰语的名词短语。所有类型的名词短语在宾语位置上出现的儿童比在主语位置上多，在单张图片情境中出现的儿童比在图片序列情境中多。
随着儿童学习处理叙事情境，小学阶段名词短语细化存在重要的发展变化。即使在图片任务中，视觉描绘的变化也会影响细化名词短语（ENP）的使用，在基于单张图片幻想情境的叙事中比在现实图片序列情境的叙事中更可能出现更多描述性语言。提供了这些情境中ENP类型的表现预期。这些发现将有助于学校临床医生在小学阶段评估和处理叙事语言。
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