Dunkley C S, Friend T H, McReynolds J L, Kim W K, Dunkley K D, Kubena L F, Nisbet D J, Ricke S C
Texas A&M University, Department of Poultry Science, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA.
Poult Sci. 2008 May;87(5):815-22. doi: 10.3382/ps.2006-00385.
Several dietary alternatives to feed withdrawal have been proposed to induce a molt in laying hens. This study compared the behavior of laying hens on an alfalfa crumble diet (ALC) to hens that were either on a conventional layer diet (FF) or hens that had feed withdrawn (FW) during a 9-d trial. Each treatment consisted of 24 hens (3 hens per battery cage), and treatment began after a 2-week acclimation period. Video cameras connected to a digital multiplexer recorded the behavior of the hens. The percentages of observations performing nonnutritive pecking, feeder activity, drinking, walking, preening, head movement, and aggression were quantified for two 10-min periods at daily intervals. The FF hens spent significantly more (P < or = 0.05) time drinking than the other treatments, whereas FW hens displayed the most head movements. From d 1 through 7, FW hens walked less than ALC hens except on d 8 when FW hens walked more than ALC and FF hens. On d 4 and 6, the FW hens spent an increased amount of time preening compared with FF hens until the last few days of the molt period. For the most part, FW hens generally displayed more nonnutritive pecking than ALC and FF hens throughout the molt period. However, FW hen visits to the feeders declined as the trial proceeded, whereas ALC and FF hens generally spent more time at the feeder. In summary, the ALC diet showed potential as an alternative to FW for inducing a molt in laying hens based on reduced nonnutritive pecking behavior, head movements, and greater feeding activity.
人们已经提出了几种替代禁食的日粮方案来诱导蛋鸡换羽。本研究比较了在为期9天的试验中,采食苜蓿碎粒日粮(ALC)的蛋鸡与采食传统蛋鸡日粮(FF)的蛋鸡以及禁食(FW)蛋鸡的行为表现。每种处理由24只母鸡组成(每个电池笼3只母鸡),在经过2周的适应期后开始处理。连接到数字多路复用器的摄像机记录了母鸡的行为。每天在两个10分钟时间段内对进行非营养性啄食、采食器活动、饮水、行走、梳理羽毛、头部运动和攻击行为的观察百分比进行量化。FF组母鸡的饮水时间显著多于其他处理组(P≤0.05),而FW组母鸡的头部运动最多。从第1天到第7天,FW组母鸡的行走次数少于ALC组母鸡,但在第8天,FW组母鸡的行走次数多于ALC组和FF组母鸡。在第4天和第6天,与FF组母鸡相比,FW组母鸡在换羽期的最后几天之前梳理羽毛的时间增加。在整个换羽期的大部分时间里,FW组母鸡通常比ALC组和FF组母鸡表现出更多的非营养性啄食行为。然而,随着试验的进行,FW组母鸡到采食器的次数减少,而ALC组和FF组母鸡通常在采食器处花费更多时间。总之,基于减少的非营养性啄食行为、头部运动和更高的采食活动,ALC日粮显示出作为蛋鸡换羽替代禁食方案的潜力。