Schreck R R, Distèche C M, Adler D
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2001 May;Appendix 4:Appendix 4B. doi: 10.1002/0471142905.hga04bs18.
Chromosome banding is used mainly to identify both normal and rearranged chromosomes, to define chromosome breakpoints, and to describe the specific location of DNA sequences on chromosomes. A nomenclature has been developed to standardize the identification of chromosomes and the naming of chromosome bands. The system currently in use is An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature, referred to as "ISCN 1995." It is the report of the standing committee on human cytogenetic nomenclature edited by Felix Mitelman. The report includes a chromosome band nomenclature, as well as standard idiograms, which are "diagrammatic representations of a karyotype, which may be based on measurements of the chromosomes" (ISCN 1995). The idiograms presented here, with the permission of S. Karger and Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, are drawings of G-banded chromosomes with band numbers indicated. Heterochromatic regions, which contain classes of repetitive DNA and can show individual differences in size, are indicated by patterned areas.
染色体显带主要用于识别正常和重排的染色体、确定染色体断点以及描述DNA序列在染色体上的具体位置。已经制定了一套命名法来规范染色体的识别和染色体带的命名。目前使用的系统是《人类细胞遗传学命名国际系统》，简称为“ISCN 1995”。它是由费利克斯·米特尔曼编辑的人类细胞遗传学命名常务委员会的报告。该报告包括染色体带命名法以及标准核型模式图，核型模式图是“基于染色体测量的核型的图示表示”（ISCN 1995）。经S. 卡尔格出版社以及《细胞遗传学与细胞基因组学》许可，这里呈现的核型模式图是G显带染色体的图示，标注了带号。异染色质区域含有重复DNA类别，大小可能存在个体差异，用图案区域表示。
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