Bogan Katrina L, Brenner Charles
Department of Genetics and the Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2008;28:115-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155443.
Although baseline requirements for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis can be met either with dietary tryptophan or with less than 20 mg of daily niacin, which consists of nicotinic acid and/or nicotinamide, there is growing evidence that substantially greater rates of NAD+ synthesis may be beneficial to protect against neurological degeneration, Candida glabrata infection, and possibly to enhance reverse cholesterol transport. The distinct and tissue-specific biosynthetic and/or ligand activities of tryptophan, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and the newly identified NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide riboside, reviewed herein, are responsible for vitamin-specific effects and side effects. Because current data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis, we present prospects for human nicotinamide riboside supplementation and propose areas for future research.
虽然烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD+）合成的基线需求可以通过膳食色氨酸或每日摄入少于20毫克的烟酸（由烟酸和/或烟酰胺组成）来满足，但越来越多的证据表明，更高的NAD+合成速率可能有助于预防神经退行性变、光滑念珠菌感染，还可能增强逆向胆固醇转运。本文综述了色氨酸、烟酸、烟酰胺以及新发现的NAD+前体烟酰胺核糖的独特且组织特异性的生物合成和/或配体活性，这些活性导致了维生素特异性的作用和副作用。由于目前的数据表明烟酰胺核糖可能是唯一支持神经元NAD+合成的维生素前体，我们阐述了人体补充烟酰胺核糖的前景，并提出了未来研究的方向。
