Pedersen Craig A, Schneider Philip J, Scheckelhoff Douglas J
Latiolais Leadership Program, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1291, USA.
Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 May 1;65(9):827-43. doi: 10.2146/ajhp080029.
Results of the 2007 ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings that pertain to prescribing and transcribing are presented.
A stratified random sample of pharmacy directors at 1264 general and children's medical-surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed by mail. SMG Marketing Group, Inc., supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from SMG's hospital database.
The response rate was 42.0%. The use of nearly all formulary management techniques has declined since 2001 in favor of the use of clinical practice guidelines to promote rational drug therapy. Retrospective methods to improve prescribing are being replaced by concurrent methods including the provision of drug information to prescribers by pharmacists, consultations with prescribers, and the continued gradual adoption of computerized prescriber-order-entry systems with decision support. The trends toward more electronic communication and ease of reference availability and away from resource-intensive methods continue to grow. Accreditation standards prompted the implementation of safe medication practices as shown by the rapid increase in medication reconciliation and the reading back of oral orders to improve prescribing and transcribing.
The 2007 ASHP survey results indicate that pharmacists are responding to changes in the health care system to find appropriate ways to improve medication use at the prescribing and transcribing steps of the medication-use system.
呈现2007年美国卫生系统药师协会（ASHP）针对医院药房实践中与处方开具及转录相关内容的全国性调查结果。
通过邮件对美国1264家综合及儿童内科 - 外科医院的药房主任进行分层随机抽样调查。SMG营销集团提供了医院特征数据；调查样本取自SMG的医院数据库。
回复率为42.0%。自2001年以来，几乎所有处方集管理技术的使用都有所下降，转而倾向于使用临床实践指南来促进合理用药。改善处方开具的回顾性方法正被同步方法所取代，这些同步方法包括药剂师向开处方者提供药物信息、与开处方者进行会诊，以及持续逐步采用带有决策支持功能的计算机化开处方者医嘱录入系统。更多电子通信、更便捷的参考资料获取方式以及远离资源密集型方法的趋势持续增长。认证标准促使安全用药实践得以实施，如用药核对的快速增加以及对口头医嘱进行复述以改善处方开具和转录所示。
2007年ASHP的调查结果表明，药剂师正在应对医疗保健系统的变化，以寻找在用药系统的处方开具和转录环节改善用药的合适方法。
