Cancio J López, Castellano A Vera, Hernández M Chaar, Bethencourt R García, Ortega E Macías
Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos, ETS de Ingenieros Industriales, ULPGC, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
J Hazard Mater. 2008 Dec 30;160(2-3):521-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.026. Epub 2008 Mar 15.
In this work, we quantified the total, water-soluble and insoluble fractions of 12 metallic species (Na, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb and Mn) present in total suspended particulates (TSP) in an urban area with heavy traffic (about 80 000 vehicles/day) of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Experimental measurements were made from July to December 2003 on a total of 42 samples (7 per month). Particulate matter (TSP) was collected in fiber filters and high volume samplers. PM10 levels were estimated assuming the PM10 fraction is about 70% of all TSP. Total fractions was determined gravimetrically. Water-soluble fraction was extracted by sonication. Concentrations of metallic elements were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Temporal changes in the concentrations of the target elements were examined and a multivariate approach used to identify the primary sources for each species. Mean value for TSP is 71.92microg/m3. The water-soluble fraction consisted mainly of Na, Ca, Mg, and K. The insoluble fraction contained higher concentrations of all elements than the soluble except Na. In the water-soluble fraction, Na, K, Ca and Mg were found to come mainly from natural sources; Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu from anthropogenic sources.
在这项工作中，我们对大加那利岛拉斯帕尔马斯（加那利群岛）交通繁忙（约8万辆车/天）的市区总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中存在的12种金属元素（钠、钙、钾、镁、铁、锌、铬、镍、铜、镉、铅和锰）的总量、水溶性和不溶性部分进行了量化。2003年7月至12月共采集了42个样本（每月7个）进行实验测量。颗粒物（TSP）通过纤维过滤器和大容量采样器收集。假设PM10部分约占所有TSP的70%，估算了PM10水平。总量通过重量法测定。水溶性部分通过超声提取。金属元素的浓度通过火焰原子吸收分光光度计进行分析。研究了目标元素浓度的时间变化，并采用多变量方法确定每种元素的主要来源。TSP的平均值为71.92微克/立方米。水溶性部分主要由钠、钙、镁和钾组成。除钠外，不溶性部分所含所有元素的浓度均高于可溶性部分。在水溶性部分中，钠、钾、钙和镁主要来自自然源；铬、铅、镉、镍、锌和铜来自人为源。
