Bagnoli P, Carrozzino S, Pisani B, Righini F
SMP-USL 6, Leghorn, Italy.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1997;16(2-3):219-25.
This study examines the chemical composition of PM10, the thoracic fraction of atmospheric particulate matter. This fraction is characterized by a very complex composition and is able to penetrate the human organism corresponding to a "cut point" at the level of the larynx. We used a sampling device to separate the PM10 from other fractions with different aerodynamic behavior. The high volume sampler collected large amounts of material, making it easier to study the micropollutants. Furthermore, it met EPA performance specifications for the measurement of suspended PM10 fraction. We collected the samples during different metereological conditions in the urban area of the town of Leghorn in Tuscany, Italy. Two sites, characterized by different settings, were chosen in the city. Both sites were marked by intense motor vehicle traffic. A better chemical characterization of the collected material became possible using different analytical techniques. The use of large-size cellulose or glass fiber filters allowed us to subdivide the sample and to submit each portion to a different investigative technique. The PAH content of the PM10 fraction was examined, particularly for those compounds of toxicological interest. The concentrations of the compounds were evaluated by HPLC with diode array UV detection. We further determined the contents of various heavy metals from anthropic or telluric sources (Pb, Cu, Fe, Cr, Cd, Mn, V, and Ni) by means of an HGA Graphite Furnace AAS-Zeeman-Effect technique or AA-Flame spectrophotometry. The results of our experiment show that motor vehicle traffic is the prevailing pollution source. The metereological conditions also play a significant role. The samples taken closer to the industrial area of the town showed a slightly higher mean content of PM10 fraction. The concentrations of both heavy metals and PM10 were lower compared with equivalent data from other European cities.
本研究检测了大气颗粒物的胸部分数PM10的化学成分。该部分的特点是成分非常复杂，能够穿透人体组织，对应于喉部水平的“切点”。我们使用采样装置将PM10与其他具有不同空气动力学行为的部分分离。大容量采样器收集了大量物质，便于研究微污染物。此外，它符合美国环境保护局（EPA）对悬浮PM10分数测量的性能规范。我们在意大利托斯卡纳大区里窝那市的市区，于不同气象条件下采集样本。在该市选择了两个具有不同环境特征的地点。两个地点的机动车交通都很繁忙。使用不同的分析技术可以更好地对收集到的物质进行化学表征。使用大尺寸纤维素或玻璃纤维过滤器使我们能够细分样本，并将每个部分提交给不同的研究技术。检测了PM10部分的多环芳烃（PAH）含量，特别是那些具有毒理学意义的化合物。通过配备二极管阵列紫外检测的高效液相色谱法（HPLC）评估这些化合物的浓度。我们还通过HGA石墨炉原子吸收光谱-塞曼效应技术或原子吸收火焰分光光度法，测定了来自人为或地球源的各种重金属（铅、铜、铁铬、镉锰、钒和镍）的含量。我们的实验结果表明，机动车交通是主要污染源。气象条件也起着重要作用。在靠近该市工业区采集的样本显示，PM10部分的平均含量略高。与其他欧洲城市的等效数据相比，重金属和PM10的浓度都较低。
