Hansson Daniel, Morra Matthew J, Borek Vladimir, Snyder André J, Johnson-Maynard Jodi L, Thill Donald C
Division of Soil and Land Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA.
J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jun 11;56(11):3912-7. doi: 10.1021/jf800104x. Epub 2008 Apr 29.
Brassicaceae seed meals produce ionic thiocyanate (SCN (-)), a bioherbicidal compound. This study determined the fate of SCN (-) in a field soil amended with seed meals of Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, and Brassica napus and quantified crop phytotoxicity by monitoring carrot ( Daucus carota) emergence. Meals were applied at 1 or 2 t ha (-1), and soils were sampled to 35 cm for SCN (-). Maximum SCN (-) (211 micromol kg (-1) of soil) was measured at 5 days in 0-5 cm samples from plots amended with S. alba meal at 2 t ha (-1). Less than 30 micromol of SCN (-) kg (-1) of soil was measured at soil depths below 15 cm. At 44 days, SCN (-) was <15 micromol kg (-1) of soil in all treatments. Emergence inhibition of carrots seeded 15-36 days after meal amendment was found only in S. alba treatments. The rapid decrease of SCN (-) concentrations in Brassicaceae meal-amended soil indicates limited potential for off-site environmental impacts.
十字花科种子粕会产生离子硫氰酸盐（SCN(-)），这是一种生物除草化合物。本研究确定了在添加了白芥、芥菜和甘蓝型油菜种子粕的田间土壤中SCN(-)的归宿，并通过监测胡萝卜（胡萝卜属）出苗情况来量化作物的植物毒性。种子粕以1或2吨/公顷的用量施用，对土壤进行采样至35厘米深度以检测SCN(-)。在用2吨/公顷白芥种子粕改良的地块0-5厘米深度的样品中，在第5天测得SCN(-)的最大值为211微摩尔/千克土壤。在15厘米以下的土壤深度测得的SCN(-)低于30微摩尔/千克土壤。在第44天，所有处理中SCN(-)均低于15微摩尔/千克土壤。仅在白芥处理中发现，在施用种子粕15-36天后播种的胡萝卜出苗受到抑制。在添加十字花科种子粕的土壤中SCN(-)浓度迅速下降，表明其对场外环境产生影响的可能性有限。
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