Houde Magali, Muir Derek C G, Kidd Karen A, Guildford Stephanie, Drouillard Ken, Evans Marlene S, Wang Xiaowa, Whittle D Michael, Haffner Doug, Kling Hedy
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008 Oct;27(10):2169-78. doi: 10.1897/08-071.1.
The biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and major organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was studied using lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and other food web organisms collected from 17 lakes in Canada and the northeastern United States between 1998 and 2001. Whole lake trout (n = 357) concentrations of the sum (Sigma) of 57 PCB congeners ranged between 1.67 and 2,890 ng/g wet weight (median 61.5 ng/g wet wt). Slimy sculpin had the highest mean concentrations of SigmaPCB of all forage fish (32-73 ng/g wet wt). Positive relationships between log (lipid wt) concentrations of PCB congener 153, PCB congener 52, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, hexachlorobenzene, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, or dieldrin and trophic level (determined using stable nitrogen isotope ratios) were found for most of the 17 food webs, indicating biomagnification of these PCBs and OCPs. The p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene had the highest trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of the 14 individual compounds studied, averaging 4.0 +/- 1.8 across the 17 lakes, followed by trans-nonachlor (3.6 +/- 1.5) and PCB congener 153 (3.4 +/- 1.2). Average TMFs for 14 individual PCBs or OCPs were significantly correlated with log octanol-water partition coefficient, implying that the rate of accumulation along the food web is dependent on hydrophobicity and recalcitrance. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between TMFs of SigmaPCBs, hexachlorobenzene, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, and lindane and lake area, latitude, and longitude, but not for 11 other PCBs or OCPs. Overall, the results of the present study show that biomagnification of PCBs and most OCPs, as measured by TMFs, is only weakly influenced by such factors as latitude and longitude. Exceptions are hexachlorocyclohexane isomers and hexachlorobenzene, which had generally greater TMFs in northern lakes, possibly due to lower rates of elimination and biotransformation in the food web.
1998年至2001年期间，利用从加拿大和美国东北部17个湖泊采集的湖鳟（Salvelinus namaycush）及其他食物网生物，对多氯联苯（PCBs）和主要有机氯农药（OCPs）的生物放大作用进行了研究。357条湖鳟的57种多氯联苯同系物总和（Sigma）浓度在1.67至2890纳克/克湿重之间（中位数为61.5纳克/克湿重）。粘鲈是所有饵料鱼中SigmaPCB平均浓度最高的（32 - 73纳克/克湿重）。在17个食物网中的大多数食物网中，发现多氯联苯同系物153、多氯联苯同系物52、p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯、六氯苯、顺式氯丹、反式九氯或狄氏剂的对数（脂质重量）浓度与营养级（使用稳定氮同位素比率确定）之间存在正相关关系，表明这些多氯联苯和有机氯农药存在生物放大作用。在所研究的14种单个化合物中，p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯的营养放大因子（TMFs）最高，在17个湖泊中的平均值为4.0±1.8，其次是反式九氯（3.6±1.5）和多氯联苯同系物153（3.4±1.2）。14种单个多氯联苯或有机氯农药的平均TMFs与正辛醇 - 水分配系数显著相关，这意味着沿食物网的积累速率取决于疏水性和难降解性。在SigmaPCBs、六氯苯、α-六氯环己烷和林丹的TMFs与湖泊面积、纬度和经度之间发现了显著相关性（p < 0.05），但其他11种多氯联苯或有机氯农药未发现此类相关性。总体而言，本研究结果表明，以TMFs衡量的多氯联苯和大多数有机氯农药的生物放大作用仅受到纬度和经度等因素的微弱影响。六氯环己烷异构体和六氯苯是例外，它们在北部湖泊中的TMFs通常更大，这可能是由于食物网中的消除和生物转化速率较低。
