Sheth Prameet M, Sunderji Sherzana, Shin Lucy Y Y, Rebbapragada Anuradha, Huibner Sanja, Kimani Joshua, Macdonald Kelly S, Ngugi Elizabeth, Bwayo Job J, Moses Stephen, Kovacs Colin, Loutfy Mona, Kaul Rupert
Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
J Infect Dis. 2008 May 15;197(10):1394-401. doi: 10.1086/587697.
Chronic coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with an increased HIV viral load and more rapid disease progression, perhaps related to HSV-2-associated alterations in host immunity.
Studies were nested within (1) a cross-sectional study of men coinfected with HIV and HSV-2 and (2) women not infected with HIV, both before and after HSV-2 acquisition. HSV-2 infection status was determined by ELISA. HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell epitopes were mapped, and proliferation of HIV-specific cells was also assessed. Systemic inflammatory and regulatory T cell populations were assayed by flow cytometry.
The breadth of both the HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell interferon-gamma and proliferative responses was reduced in participants coinfected with HIV and HSV-2, independent of the HIV plasma viral load and CD4(+) T cell count, and the magnitude of the responses was also reduced. HSV-2 infection in this group was associated with increased T cell CD38 expression but not with differences in the proportion of CD4(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells. However, in women not infected with HIV, acquisition of HSV-2 was associated with an increase in the proportion of regulatory T cells.
HSV-2 coinfection was associated with reduced HIV-specific T cell responses and systemic inflammation. The immune effects of HSV-2 may underlie the negative impact that this coinfection has on the clinical course of HIV infection.
2型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-2）与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的慢性合并感染与HIV病毒载量增加及疾病进展加速有关，这可能与HSV-2相关的宿主免疫改变有关。
这些研究嵌套于（1）一项对HIV和HSV-2合并感染男性的横断面研究，以及（2）未感染HIV的女性在感染HSV-2前后的研究。通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）确定HSV-2感染状态。绘制HIV特异性CD8(+) T细胞表位图谱，并评估HIV特异性细胞的增殖情况。通过流式细胞术检测全身炎症和调节性T细胞群体。
在HIV和HSV-2合并感染的参与者中，HIV特异性CD8(+) T细胞γ干扰素和增殖反应的广度均降低，与HIV血浆病毒载量和CD4(+) T细胞计数无关，且反应强度也降低。该组中的HSV-2感染与T细胞CD38表达增加有关，但与CD4(+) FoxP3(+)调节性T细胞比例的差异无关。然而，在未感染HIV的女性中，感染HSV-2与调节性T细胞比例增加有关。
HSV-2合并感染与HIV特异性T细胞反应降低及全身炎症有关。HSV-2的免疫效应可能是这种合并感染对HIV感染临床进程产生负面影响的基础。
