Marsh David M, Trenham Peter C
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.
Conserv Biol. 2008 Jun;22(3):647-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00927.x. Epub 2008 Apr 25.
Animal and plant population monitoring programs are critical for identifying species at risk, evaluating the effects of management or harvest, and tracking invasive and pest species. Nevertheless, monitoring activities are highly decentralized, which makes it difficult for researchers or conservation planners to get a good general picture of what real-world monitoring programs actually entail. We used a Web-based survey to collect information on population monitoring programs. The survey focused on basic questions about each program, including motivations for monitoring, types of data being collected, spatiotemporal design of the program, and reasons for choosing that design. We received responses from 311 people involved in monitoring of various species and used these responses to summarize ongoing monitoring efforts. We also used responses to determine whether monitoring strategies have changed over time and whether they differed among monitoring agencies. Most commonly, monitoring entailed collection of count data at multiple sites with the primary goal of detecting trends. But we also found that goals and strategies for monitoring appeared to be diversifying, that area-occupied and presence-absence approaches appeared to be gaining in popularity, and that several other promising approaches (monitoring to reduce parameter uncertainty, risk-based monitoring, and directly linking monitoring data to management decisions) have yet to become widely established. We suggest that improved communication between researchers studying monitoring designs and those who are charged with putting these designs into practice could further improve monitoring programs and better match sampling designs to the objectives of monitoring programs.
动植物种群监测计划对于识别濒危物种、评估管理或收获的影响以及追踪入侵物种和害虫至关重要。然而，监测活动高度分散，这使得研究人员或保护规划者难以全面了解实际的现实世界监测计划究竟包含哪些内容。我们通过一项基于网络的调查来收集有关种群监测计划的信息。该调查聚焦于每个计划的基本问题，包括监测的动机、所收集数据的类型、计划的时空设计以及选择该设计的原因。我们收到了311名参与各种物种监测的人员的回复，并利用这些回复总结正在进行的监测工作。我们还利用回复来确定监测策略是否随时间发生了变化，以及它们在各监测机构之间是否存在差异。最常见的情况是，监测需要在多个地点收集计数数据，其主要目标是检测趋势。但我们还发现，监测的目标和策略似乎正在多样化，占用面积和存在/不存在的方法似乎越来越受欢迎，并且其他几种有前景的方法（为减少参数不确定性而进行的监测、基于风险的监测以及将监测数据直接与管理决策相联系）尚未广泛确立。我们建议，研究监测设计的人员与负责将这些设计付诸实践的人员之间加强沟通，这可以进一步改进监测计划，并使抽样设计更好地与监测计划的目标相匹配。
